BottomNavigation+fragment实现，解决因内存不足系统回收Activity，或者屏幕旋转导致Activiy重建导致fragment重叠的问题

1.基于BottomNavigation+fragment通过show/hide的方式实现首页面
2.出现fragment重叠的原因可点击这里查看
3.基于源码分析出现问题的原因看这里
具体原因总结如下：

因内存不足导致Activity被系统回收，或者屏幕旋转导致Activity重建，Activity会保存fragment的实例，但是不会保存fragment show/hide的状态，当Activity重建时，重新走onCreate方法，会重新创建fragment的实例，此时重新创建的fragment实例，和Activity保存的fragment的实例是不一样的，当我们重新创建的fragment的实例又提交的事务中去，就会出现fragment重叠的问题。
解决思路：Activity重建时，会保存fragment的实例，我们在onCreate方法中判断savedInstanceState不为空时，取出Activity保存的实例，重新关联到我们保存的fragment的实例的引用。

具体解决步骤：
1.首先在onCreate方法中创建我们需要添加到BottomNavigationView中的fragment实例，并将实例放入HashMap中进行存储

    private var cacheFragments: HashMap<String, Fragment> = HashMap<String, Fragment>()


            mainFragment = MainFragment.getInstance()
            secondFragment = SecondFragment.getInstance()
            threeFragment = ThreeFragment.getInstance()
            Log.d(this.javaClass.simpleName, MainFragment::class.qualifiedName!!)
            Log.d(this.javaClass.simpleName, SecondFragment::class.qualifiedName!!)
            Log.d(this.javaClass.simpleName, ThreeFragment::class.qualifiedName!!)

            cacheFragments.put(MainFragment::class.qualifiedName!!, mainFragment!!)
            cacheFragments.put(SecondFragment::class.qualifiedName!!, secondFragment!!)
            cacheFragments.put(ThreeFragment::class.qualifiedName!!, threeFragment!!)

2.然后将我们创建的fragment与BottomNavigationView关联起来，当点击对应的底部tab时，show/hide对应的fragment

        bottomNavigationView.setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener {
            Log.d(this.javaClass.name, "setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener")
            when (it.itemId) {
                R.id.main_menu -> {
                    showFragment = cacheFragments.get(MainFragment::class.qualifiedName!!)
                }
                R.id.second_menu -> {
                    showFragment = cacheFragments.get(SecondFragment::class.qualifiedName!!)
                }
                R.id.three_menu -> {
                    showFragment = cacheFragments.get(ThreeFragment::class.qualifiedName!!)
                }
            }
            //2.记录当前选中的条目id
            currentSelect = it.itemId
            //3.切换fragment的方法
            FragmentUtil.switchFragment(this, showFragment!!)
            return@setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener true
        }

3.切换对应的fragment

        private var currentShowFragment: Fragment? = null

        /**
         *切换fragment,以show/hide的方式
         * @param activity activity实例
         * @param needShowFragment 需要显示的fragment实例
         */
        fun switchFragment(activity: AppCompatActivity, needShowFragment: Fragment) {
            val beginTransaction = activity.supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction()
            //判断当前fragment是否为空，如果为空，添加需要显示的fragment并提交事务
            if (currentShowFragment == null) {
                beginTransaction.add(
                    R.id.fragment_container_view,
                    needShowFragment,
                    needShowFragment::class.qualifiedName!!
                ).commit()
            } else {
                //判断当前需要显示fragment是否已经被添加，如果被添加判断是否隐藏，如果隐藏，让其显示，并隐藏当前显示的fragment,并提交事务
                if (needShowFragment.isAdded) {
                    if (needShowFragment.isHidden) {
                        beginTransaction.show(needShowFragment).hide(currentShowFragment!!).commit()
                    }
                } else {
                    //如果当前fragment不为null,隐藏当前fragment，并显示需要显示的fragment,并提交事务
                    beginTransaction.hide(currentShowFragment!!)
                        .add(
                            R.id.fragment_container_view,
                            needShowFragment,
                            needShowFragment::class.qualifiedName!!
                        ).commit()
                }
            }
            //保存当前显示的fragment
            currentShowFragment = needShowFragment
        }

4.此时已经能正常完成fragment的切换，但是在Activity重建后，会出现重叠问题，解决该问题的思路如上所述，在savedInstanceState不为空时，找出Activity保存的实例，并重建引用，如果没有就重新创建fragment

 if (savedInstanceState != null) {

            Log.d(this.javaClass.simpleName, "savedInstanceState not null")

//            getFragmentInstance(MainFragment::class.java)
//            getFragmentInstance(SecondFragment::class.java)
//            getFragmentInstance(ThreeFragment::class.java)
            val findMainFragmentByTag =
                supportFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(MainFragment::class.qualifiedName)
            if (findMainFragmentByTag == null) {
                mainFragment = MainFragment.getInstance()
            } else {
                mainFragment = findMainFragmentByTag as MainFragment
            }
            cacheFragments.put(MainFragment::class.java.name, mainFragment!!)

            val findSecondFragmentByTag =
                supportFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(SecondFragment::class.qualifiedName)
            if (findSecondFragmentByTag == null) {
                secondFragment = SecondFragment.getInstance()
            } else {
                secondFragment = findSecondFragmentByTag as SecondFragment
            }
            cacheFragments.put(SecondFragment::class.java.name, secondFragment!!)

            val findThreeFragmentByTag =
                supportFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(ThreeFragment::class.qualifiedName)
            if (findThreeFragmentByTag == null) {
                threeFragment = ThreeFragment.getInstance()
            } else {
                threeFragment = findThreeFragmentByTag as ThreeFragment
            }
            cacheFragments.put(ThreeFragment::class.java.name, threeFragment!!)


            val fragments = supportFragmentManager.fragments
            for (fragment in fragments) {
                Log.d(this.javaClass.simpleName, fragment::class.qualifiedName!!)
                //5.判断该fragment是否被添加，如果没有被添加判断是否隐藏，如果没有隐藏，则隐藏
                //目的是隐藏所有可见的fragment，重新管理显示隐藏状态
                if (fragment.isAdded) {
                    supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction().hide(fragment).commit()
                }
            }
            //6.获取activity被回收时，自己保存的选中item的id
            val currentSelectItemId = savedInstanceState.getInt("currentItemId")
            currentSelectItemId?.let {
                bottomNavigationView.selectedItemId = it
            }
        } 

5.上述代码逻辑为，先从Activity中获取其保存的fragment实例，如果没有就重新创建，然后获取所有的fragment判断是否已经被添加到Activity中，如果已经被添加，就全部隐藏，然后从savedInstanceState中获取Activity异常销毁时保存的选择tab的id，并重新设置到BottomNavigationView中

以上就是解决fragment重叠的全部流程

完成代码如下

class BnActivity : AppCompatActivity() {


    private var mainFragment: MainFragment? = null
    private var secondFragment: SecondFragment? = null
    private var threeFragment: ThreeFragment? = null

    private var showFragment: Fragment? = null

    private var cacheFragments: HashMap<String, Fragment> = HashMap<String, Fragment>()

    private var currentSelect: Int? = null


    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_bn)
        val bottomNavigationView = findViewById<BottomNavigationView>(R.id.bottom_navigation_view)
        //1.先设置监听防止设置默认选中item时不走该方法
        bottomNavigationView.setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener {
            Log.d(this.javaClass.name, "setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener")
            when (it.itemId) {
                R.id.main_menu -> {
                    showFragment = cacheFragments.get(MainFragment::class.qualifiedName!!)
                }
                R.id.second_menu -> {
                    showFragment = cacheFragments.get(SecondFragment::class.qualifiedName!!)
                }
                R.id.three_menu -> {
                    showFragment = cacheFragments.get(ThreeFragment::class.qualifiedName!!)
                }
            }
            //2.记录当前选中的条目id
            currentSelect = it.itemId
            //3.切换fragment的方法
            FragmentUtil.switchFragment(this, showFragment!!)
            return@setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener true
        }
        //4.判断savedInstanceState是否为空，不为空则取出在Activity被系统回收时，保存的fragment的实例，并保存在自己的HashMap中
        if (savedInstanceState != null) {

            Log.d(this.javaClass.simpleName, "savedInstanceState not null")
			//从fragmamager中获取Activity保存的fragment实例，如果为空，就重新创建
            val findMainFragmentByTag =
                supportFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(MainFragment::class.qualifiedName)
            if (findMainFragmentByTag == null) {
                mainFragment = MainFragment.getInstance()
            } else {
                mainFragment = findMainFragmentByTag as MainFragment
            }
            cacheFragments.put(MainFragment::class.java.name, mainFragment!!)
			//第二个fragment
            val findSecondFragmentByTag =
                supportFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(SecondFragment::class.qualifiedName)
            if (findSecondFragmentByTag == null) {
                secondFragment = SecondFragment.getInstance()
            } else {
                secondFragment = findSecondFragmentByTag as SecondFragment
            }
            cacheFragments.put(SecondFragment::class.java.name, secondFragment!!)
			//第三个fragment
            val findThreeFragmentByTag =
                supportFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(ThreeFragment::class.qualifiedName)
            if (findThreeFragmentByTag == null) {
                threeFragment = ThreeFragment.getInstance()
            } else {
                threeFragment = findThreeFragmentByTag as ThreeFragment
            }
            cacheFragments.put(ThreeFragment::class.java.name, threeFragment!!)

			//获取所有的fragment
            val fragments = supportFragmentManager.fragments
   
            for (fragment in fragments) {
                Log.d(this.javaClass.simpleName, fragment::class.qualifiedName!!)
                //5.判断该fragment是否被添加，如果没有被添加判断是否隐藏，如果没有隐藏，则隐藏
                //目的是隐藏所有可见的fragment，重新管理显示隐藏状态
                if (fragment.isAdded) {
                    supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction().hide(fragment).commit()
                }
            }
            //6.获取activity被回收时，自己保存的选中item的id
            val currentSelectItemId = savedInstanceState.getInt("currentItemId")
            currentSelectItemId?.let {
                bottomNavigationView.selectedItemId = it
            }
        } else {
            //7.如果是第一次创建，创建出所有的fragment，并添加到自己的hashMap中
            Log.d(this.javaClass.simpleName, "savedInstanceState is null")
            mainFragment = MainFragment.getInstance()
            secondFragment = SecondFragment.getInstance()
            threeFragment = ThreeFragment.getInstance()
            Log.d(this.javaClass.simpleName, MainFragment::class.qualifiedName!!)
            Log.d(this.javaClass.simpleName, SecondFragment::class.qualifiedName!!)
            Log.d(this.javaClass.simpleName, ThreeFragment::class.qualifiedName!!)

            cacheFragments.put(MainFragment::class.qualifiedName!!, mainFragment!!);
            cacheFragments.put(SecondFragment::class.qualifiedName!!, secondFragment!!);
            cacheFragments.put(ThreeFragment::class.qualifiedName!!, threeFragment!!);
            //8.设置默认选中的item
            bottomNavigationView.selectedItemId = R.id.main_menu
        }

    }

    override fun onSaveInstanceState(outState: Bundle) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState)
        //9.保存activity被回收时，当前选中的itemid
        currentSelect?.let { outState.putInt("currentItemId", it) }
    }
}

这里给出我写的Demo
如果对你有所帮助，请点个小星星，感谢