偏向锁撤销

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已于 2023-03-12 14:32:07 修改

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分类专栏： JUC 笔记后端文章标签： jvm java

于 2023-03-11 16:20:20 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/TiankkTT/article/details/129465079

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偏向状态

首先回忆下对象头格式：
在这里插入图片描述

一个对象创建时：

如果开启了偏向锁（默认开启），那么对象创建后，markword 值为 0x05 即最后 3 位为 101，这时它的thread、epoch、age 都为 0。
偏向锁是默认是延迟的，不会在程序启动时立即生效，如果想避免延迟，可以加 VM 参数 -XX:BiasedLockingStartupDelay=0 来禁用延迟。
如果没有开启偏向锁，那么对象创建后，markword 值为 0x01 即最后 3 位为 001，这时它的 hashcode、 age 都为 0，第一次用到 hashcode 时才会赋值。

1> 测试延迟特性

2> 测试偏向锁

class Dog {}

利用 jol 第三方工具来查看对象头信息

// 添加虚拟机参数 -XX:BiasedLockingStartupDelay=0 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Dog d = new Dog();
        ClassLayout classLayout = ClassLayout.parseInstance(d);
        new Thread(() -> {
            log.debug("synchronized 前");
            System.out.println(classLayout.toPrintableSimple(true));
            synchronized (d) {
                log.debug("synchronized 中");
                System.out.println(classLayout.toPrintableSimple(true));
            }
            log.debug("synchronized 后");
            System.out.println(classLayout.toPrintableSimple(true));
        }, "t1").start();
    }

输出

11:08:58.117 c.TestBiased [t1] - synchronized 前
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000101 
11:08:58.121 c.TestBiased [t1] - synchronized 中
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11101011 11010000 00000101 
11:08:58.121 c.TestBiased [t1] - synchronized 后
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11101011 11010000 00000101

注意:

处于偏向锁的对象解锁后，线程 id 仍存储于对象头中。

3> 测试禁用

在上面测试代码运行时在添加 VM 参数 -XX:-UseBiasedLocking 禁用偏向锁。

输出

11:13:10.018 c.TestBiased [t1] - synchronized 前
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
11:13:10.021 c.TestBiased [t1] - synchronized 中
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 00010100 11110011 10001000 
11:13:10.021 c.TestBiased [t1] - synchronized 后
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001

4> 测试 hashCode

正常状态对象一开始是没有 hashCode 的，第一次调用才生成。

撤销 - 调用对象 hashCode

调用了对象的 hashCode，但偏向锁的对象 MarkWord 中存储的是线程 id，如果调用 hashCode 会导致偏向锁被撤销。

轻量级锁会在锁记录中记录 hashCode
重量级锁会在 Monitor 中记录 hashCode

在调用 hashCode 后使用偏向锁，记得去掉 -XX:-UseBiasedLocking。

输出

11:22:10.386 c.TestBiased [main] - 调用 hashCode:1778535015 
11:22:10.391 c.TestBiased [t1] - synchronized 前
00000000 00000000 00000000 01101010 00000010 01001010 01100111 00000001 
11:22:10.393 c.TestBiased [t1] - synchronized 中
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 11000011 11110011 01101000 
11:22:10.393 c.TestBiased [t1] - synchronized 后
00000000 00000000 00000000 01101010 00000010 01001010 01100111 00000001

撤销 - 其它线程使用对象

当有其它线程使用偏向锁对象时，会将偏向锁升级为轻量级锁。

 private static void test2() throws InterruptedException {
        Dog d = new Dog();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (d) {
                log.debug(ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
            }
            synchronized (TestBiased.class) {
                TestBiased.class.notify();
            }
            // 如果不用 wait/notify 使用 join 必须打开下面的注释
            // 因为：t1 线程不能结束，否则底层线程可能被 jvm 重用作为 t2 线程，底层线程 id 是一样的
            /*try {
            System.in.read();
            } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            }*/
        }, "t1");
        t1.start();
        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (TestBiased.class) {
                try {
                    TestBiased.class.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            log.debug(ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
            synchronized (d) {
                log.debug(ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
            }
            log.debug(ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
        }, "t2");
        t2.start();
    }

输出

[t1] - 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 01000001 00010000 00000101 
[t2] - 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 01000001 00010000 00000101 
[t2] - 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 10110101 11110000 01000000 
[t2] - 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001

撤销 - 调用 wait/notify

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Dog d = new Dog();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            log.debug(ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
            synchronized (d) {
                log.debug(ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
                try {
                    d.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                log.debug(ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
            }
        }, "t1");
        t1.start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(6000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            synchronized (d) {
                log.debug("notify");
                d.notify();
            }
        }, "t2").start();
    }

输出

[t1] - 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000101 
[t1] - 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 10110011 11111000 00000101 
[t2] - notify 
[t1] - 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011100 11010100 00001101 11001010

批量重偏向

如果对象虽然被多个线程访问，但没有竞争，这时偏向了线程 T1 的对象仍有机会重新偏向 T2，重偏向会重置对象
的 Thread ID。

当撤销偏向锁阈值超过 20 次后，jvm 会这样觉得，我是不是偏向错了呢，于是会在给这些对象加锁时重新偏向至加锁线程。

   private static void test3() throws InterruptedException {
        Vector<Dog> list = new Vector<>();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
                Dog d = new Dog();
                list.add(d);
                synchronized (d) {
                    log.debug(i + "\t" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
                }
            }
            synchronized (list) {
                list.notify();
            }
        }, "t1");
        t1.start();

        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (list) {
                try {
                    list.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            log.debug("===============> ");
            for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
                Dog d = list.get(i);
                log.debug(i + "\t" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
                synchronized (d) {
                    log.debug(i + "\t" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
                }
                log.debug(i + "\t" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
            }
        }, "t2");
        t2.start();
    }

输出

[t1] - 0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 1 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 2 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 4 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 5 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 6 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 7 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 8 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 9 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 10 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 11 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 12 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 13 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 14 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 15 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 16 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 17 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 18 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 19 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 20 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 21 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 22 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 23 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 24 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 25 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 26 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 27 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 28 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t1] - 29 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - ===============> 
[t2] - 0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 1 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 1 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 1 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 2 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 2 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 2 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 4 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 4 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 4 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 5 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 5 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 5 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 6 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 6 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 6 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 7 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101
[t2] - 7 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 7 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 8 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 8 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 8 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 9 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 9 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 9 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 10 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 10 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 10 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 11 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 11 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 11 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 12 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 12 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 12 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 13 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 13 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 13 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 14 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 14 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 14 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 15 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 15 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 15 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 16 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 16 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 16 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 17 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 17 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 17 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 18 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 18 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100000 01011000 11110111 00000000 
[t2] - 18 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 
[t2] - 19 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 19 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 19 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 20 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 20 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 20 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 21 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 21 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 21 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 22 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 22 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 22 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 23 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 23 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 23 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 24 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 24 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 24 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101
[t2] - 25 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 25 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 25 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 26 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 26 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 26 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 27 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 27 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 27 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 28 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 28 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 28 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 29 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11100000 00000101 
[t2] - 29 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101 
[t2] - 29 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00011111 11110011 11110001 00000101

批量撤销

当撤销偏向锁阈值超过 40 次后，jvm 会这样觉得，自己确实偏向错了，根本就不该偏向。于是整个类的所有对象都会变为不可偏向的，新建的对象也是不可偏向的。

  private static void test4() throws InterruptedException {
        Vector<Dog> list = new Vector<>();
        int loopNumber = 39;
        t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < loopNumber; i++) {
                Dog d = new Dog();
                list.add(d);
                synchronized (d) {
                    log.debug(i + "\t" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
                }
            }
            LockSupport.unpark(t2);
        }, "t1");
        t1.start();
        t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            LockSupport.park();
            log.debug("===============> ");
            for (int i = 0; i < loopNumber; i++) {
                Dog d = list.get(i);
                log.debug(i + "\t" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
                synchronized (d) {
                    log.debug(i + "\t" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
                }
                log.debug(i + "\t" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
            }
            LockSupport.unpark(t3);
        }, "t2");
        t2.start();
        t3 = new Thread(() -> {
            LockSupport.park();
            log.debug("===============> ");
            for (int i = 0; i < loopNumber; i++) {
                Dog d = list.get(i);
                log.debug(i + "\t" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
                synchronized (d) {
                    log.debug(i + "\t" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
                }
                log.debug(i + "\t" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(d).toPrintableSimple(true));
            }
        }, "t3");
        t3.start();
        t3.join();
        log.debug(ClassLayout.parseInstance(new Dog()).toPrintableSimple(true));
    }

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偏向锁撤销

1> 测试延迟特性2> 测试偏向锁利用 jol 第三方工具来查看对象头信息处于偏向锁的对象解锁后，线程 id 仍存储于对象头中。3> 测试禁用在上面测试代码运行时在添加 VM 参数 -XX:-UseBiasedLocking 禁用偏向锁。4> 测试 hashCode。
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