嵌入式Linux/Android MT7601U USB无线网卡移植

前言

因最近本人最近手里两款设备需要上网，一台是Android4.4, 一台是Linux，但是两台设备都没有WiFi模块，好在有USB口，所以本人想到是否可尝试移植一个USB无线网卡设备，结果成功移植，在此记录一下，供有需要的朋友参考。
本文主要你介绍两个模块：

1. MT7601无线网卡的驱动移植。
2. wireless tool工具的移植。

本人在Android/Linux平台下都成功进行了移植，有一定小差异，但不是特别大，根据情况进行修改即可。

USB无线网卡选择

其实没多选择，手边刚好有一款必联的USB无线网卡，如下图所示：

然后查询下这款网卡的芯片：

在网上查了下，貌似当前市面上经济实惠的小米随身Wifi、腾讯全民Wifi、360Wifi、百度小度Wifi等都是基于MT7601U无线网卡制作的，这个有待考证。
关于MT7601U IC的驱动移植，网上参考资料很多，但感觉深度不够或者写的比较笼统，可能因人而异吧。另外网上的驱动源码资源也参差不齐。所以想自己整理总结下。

MT7601驱动移植

1. 资源下载

网上的资源还是比较多的，为了方便，我这里把我修改成功的资源上传，有需要的朋友根据自己的情况下载。

MTU7601U STA Linux3.x.x版本：
https://download.csdn.net/download/Tiger99111/13107345

MTU7601U AP Linux3.x.x版本：
https://download.csdn.net/download/Tiger99111/13107202

2. 驱动源码修改

STA和AP驱动源码的修改基本是一致的，所以不做区分。

1. 修改顶层Makefile
   修改 Makefile，设置平台：PLATFORM = IMX6DQ

PLATFORM = IMX6DQ
......

ifeq ($(PLATFORM),IMX6DQ)                                                         
export ARCH=arm
CROSS_COMPILE =/home/danny/android4.4.3/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-linux-androideabi-4.6/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-
LINUX_SRC = $(ANDROID_BUILD_TOP)/kernel_imx
endif

2. 修改config.mk
   修改os/linux/config.mk

#Android平台需要打开以下几个选项
HAS_WPA_SUPPLICANT=y
HAS_NATIVE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_SUPPORT=y
HAS_ANDROID_SUPPORT=y

ifeq ($(PLATFORM),IMX6DQ)
EXTRA_CFLAGS := -D__KERNEL__ -DMODULE $(WFLAGS) -fno-pic #-Wno-error=date-time
export EXTRA_CFLAGS
endif  

注意：
Android平台编译时会报错cc1: error: -Werror=date-time: no option -Wdate-time，需要注释掉-Wno-error=date-time
Linux平台编译时需要加上-Wno-error=date-time，否则会有__DATE__,__TIME__此类异常。

3. 修改配置文件路径
   AP模式，修改include/os/rt_linux.h
   #define AP_PROFILE_PATH “/etc/wifi/RT2870AP.dat”

   STA模式，修改include/os/rt_linux.h
   #define STA_PROFILE_PATH “/etc/wifi/RT2870STA.dat”

4. 修改DEV ID
   这个主要是针对基于MT7601U开发的不同的无线网卡，如果没有定义VID ,PID的话，可通过common\rtusb_dev_id.c增加：

/* module table */
USB_DEVICE_ID rtusb_dev_id[] = {
#ifdef RT6570
	{USB_DEVICE(0x148f,0x6570)}, /* Ralink 6570 */
#endif /* RT6570 */
	{USB_DEVICE(0x148f, 0x7650)}, /* MT7650 */
#ifdef MT7601U
	{USB_DEVICE(0x148f,0x6370)}, /* Ralink 6370 */
	{USB_DEVICE(0x148f,0x7601)}, /* MT 6370 */
#endif /* MT7601U */
	{USB_DEVICE(0x0e8d,0x760c)},/* 360 Wifi 2 Gen */ 	{ }/* Terminating entry */
};

5. 修改WLAN名称
   这个是修改驱动成功加载后ifconfig看到的设备名称，可不进行修改，有需要的可以视情况修改：

#define INF_MAIN_DEV_NAME		"wlan"
#define INF_MBSSID_DEV_NAME		"wlan"

3. 编译及加载

$ make

STA编译成功生成会在os/linux/目录下生成mt7601Usta.ko
AP编译成功生成会在os/linux/目录下生成mt7601Uap.ko

将KO文件及RT2870STA.dat, RT2870AP.dat根据AP_PROFILE_PATH和_PROFILE_PATH设置的路径拷贝到对应的目录下，然后执行insmod进行加载。

网卡设备USB驱动加载成功日志如下:

root@sabresd_6dl_wh_psa:/ # dmesg                                              
<6>[   37.858583] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ci_hdrc
<6>[   38.148734] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=148f, idProduct=7601
<6>[   38.148753] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
<6>[   38.148765] usb 1-1: Product: 802.11 n WLAN
<6>[   38.148774] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 1.0

STA驱动加载成功日志如下:

root@sabresd_6dl_wh_psa:/system/lib/modules # dmesg                            
<4>[11217.280349] rtusb init rt2870 --->
<4>[11217.280455] ===>rt2870_probe()!
<4>[11217.280467] --> RTMPAllocAdapterBlock
<4>[11217.282020] 
<4>[11217.282020] === pAd = c4017000, size = 850408 ===
<4>[11217.282020] 
<4>[11217.282049] --> RTMPAllocTxRxRingMemory
<4>[11217.282116] <-- RTMPAllocTxRxRingMemory, Status=0
<4>[11217.282537] <-- RTMPAllocAdapterBlock, Status=0
<4>[11217.282546] NumEndpoints=8
<4>[11217.282554] BULK IN MaxPacketSize = 512
<4>[11217.282561] EP address = 0x84
<4>[11217.282567] BULK IN MaxPacketSize = 512
<4>[11217.282572] EP address = 0x85
<4>[11217.282579] BULK OUT MaxPacketSize = 512
<4>[11217.282585] EP address = 0x 8  
<4>[11217.282590] BULK OUT MaxPacketSize = 512
<4>[11217.282596] EP address = 0x 4  
<4>[11217.282602] BULK OUT MaxPacketSize = 512
<4>[11217.282607] EP address = 0x 5  
<4>[11217.282614] BULK OUT MaxPacketSize = 512
<4>[11217.282619] EP address = 0x 6  
<4>[11217.282625] BULK OUT MaxPacketSize = 512
<4>[11217.282631] EP address = 0x 7  
<4>[11217.282636] BULK OUT MaxPacketSize = 512
<4>[11217.282642] EP address = 0x 9  
<4>[11217.282652] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x8
<4>[11217.282659] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x4
<4>[11217.282665] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x5
<4>[11217.282672] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x6
<4>[11217.282678] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x7
<4>[11217.282684] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x9
<4>[11217.282693] STA Driver version-3.0.0.3
<4>[11217.283251] -->MT7601_Init():
<4>[11217.283373] Chip specific bbpRegTbSize=0!
<4>[11217.283382] Chip VCO calibration mode = 0!
<4>[11217.283624] NVM is EFUSE
<4>[11217.283636] Efuse Size=0x1d [Range:1e0-1fc] 
<4>[11217.283643] Endpoint(8) is for In-band Command
<4>[11217.283650] Endpoint(4) is for WMM0 AC0
<4>[11217.283657] Endpoint(5) is for WMM0 AC1
<4>[11217.283663] Endpoint(6) is for WMM0 AC2
<4>[11217.283669] Endpoint(7) is for WMM0 AC3
<4>[11217.283676] Endpoint(9) is for WMM1 AC0
<4>[11217.283682] Endpoint(84) is for Data-In
<4>[11217.283688] Endpoint(85) is for Command Rsp
<4>[11217.283698] Allocate a net device with private data size=0!
<4>[11217.283820] Allocate net device ops success!
<4>[11217.283833] The name of the new wlan interface is wlan0...
<4>[11217.283844] RtmpOSNetDevAttach()--->
<4>[11217.286230] <---RtmpOSNetDevAttach(), ret=0
<4>[11217.286244] <===rt2870_probe()!
<6>[11217.286390] usbcore: registered new interface driver rt2870
<7>[11217.286567] initcall rtusb_init+0x0/0x38 [mt7601Usta] returned 0 after 5915 usecs @ 1348

AP模式加载成功日志如下:

<4>[  137.422112] rtusb init rt2870 --->
<4>[  137.424243] 
<4>[  137.424243] 
<4>[  137.424243] === pAd = c4139000, size = 1233280 ===
<4>[  137.424243] 
<4>[  137.424329] <-- RTMPAllocTxRxRingMemory, Status=0
<4>[  137.424796] <-- RTMPAllocAdapterBlock, Status=0
<4>[  137.424818] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x8
<4>[  137.424826] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x4
<4>[  137.424832] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x5
<4>[  137.424838] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x6
<4>[  137.424845] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x7
<4>[  137.424851] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x9
<4>[  137.425706] NVM is EFUSE
<4>[  137.425722] Endpoint(8) is for In-band Command
<4>[  137.425730] Endpoint(4) is for WMM0 AC0
<4>[  137.425737] Endpoint(5) is for WMM0 AC1
<4>[  137.425743] Endpoint(6) is for WMM0 AC2
<4>[  137.425749] Endpoint(7) is for WMM0 AC3
<4>[  137.425756] Endpoint(9) is for WMM1 AC0
<4>[  137.425762] Endpoint(84) is for Data-In
<4>[  137.425768] Endpoint(85) is for Command Rsp
<6>[  137.432567] usbcore: registered new interface driver rt2870
<7>[  137.432801] initcall rtusb_init+0x0/0x38 [mt7601Uap] returned 0 after 10231 usecs @ 
<4>[  137.422112] rtusb init rt2870 --->
<4>[  137.424243] 
<4>[  137.424243] 
<4>[  137.424243] === pAd = c4139000, size = 1233280 ===
<4>[  137.424243] 
<4>[  137.424329] <-- RTMPAllocTxRxRingMemory, Status=0
<4>[  137.424796] <-- RTMPAllocAdapterBlock, Status=0
<4>[  137.424818] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x8
<4>[  137.424826] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x4
<4>[  137.424832] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x5
<4>[  137.424838] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x6
<4>[  137.424845] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x7
<4>[  137.424851] RTMP_COM_IoctlHandle():pAd->BulkOutEpAddr=0x9
<4>[  137.425706] NVM is EFUSE
<4>[  137.425722] Endpoint(8) is for In-band Command
<4>[  137.425730] Endpoint(4) is for WMM0 AC0
<4>[  137.425737] Endpoint(5) is for WMM0 AC1
<4>[  137.425743] Endpoint(6) is for WMM0 AC2
<4>[  137.425749] Endpoint(7) is for WMM0 AC3
<4>[  137.425756] Endpoint(9) is for WMM1 AC0
<4>[  137.425762] Endpoint(84) is for Data-In
<4>[  137.425768] Endpoint(85) is for Command Rsp
<6>[  137.432567] usbcore: registered new interface driver rt2870
<7>[  137.432801] initcall rtusb_init+0x0/0x38 [mt7601Uap] returned 0 after 10231 usecs @ 1106

注意:
insmod ko文件时,可能出现内存不足,分配内存空间失败问题,如下所示:

[   92.104651] --> RTMPAllocTxRxRingMemory
[   92.105325] <-- ERROR in Alloc Bulk buffer for HTTxContext!
[   92.105347] ---> RTMPFreeTxRxRingMemory
[   92.105372] <--- RTMPFreeTxRxRingMemory
[   92.105383] ERROR!!! Failed to allocate memory - TxRxRing
[   92.105984] <-- RTMPAllocAdapterBlock, Status=3
[   92.106049] rt2870: probe of 1-1:1.0 failed with error -1
[   92.108850] usbcore: registered new interface driver rt2870

需要在uboot CMDLINE中增加coherent_pool=2M,一般在.h文件中,如下所示:

setenv bootargs console==ttymxc3,115200 coherent_pool=2M init=/init video=mxcfb0:dev=lcd,TIANMA-FVGA,if=RGB24,bpp=32 video=mxcfb1:off video=mxcfb2:off video=mxcfb3:off fbmem=32M vmalloc=400M

测试

wifi网络的测试使用了wireless-tools.

1. 源码下载

下载地址:http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/Linux/wireless_tools.29.tar.gz

2. 编译

Linux环境下可根据平台修改Makefile 后make 即可.

## Compiler to use (modify this for cross compile).
CC = arm-none-eabi-gcc
## Other tools you need to modify for cross compile (static lib only).
AR = arm-none-eabi-ar
RANLIB = arm-none-eabi-ranlib

Android环境下需要增加Android.mk,内容如下:

LOCAL_PATH:=$(call my-dir)

############# iwlib ############
include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := iwlib.c

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-self-assign \
                -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual \
                -Winline -MMD -fPIC
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libcutils libc libm

LOCAL_MODULE := libiw
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS :=optional

include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)

############# iwconfig ############
include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := iwconfig.c

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-self-assign \
                -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual \
                -Winline -MMD -fPIC

LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libcutils libc libm libiw
#LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true

LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_OPTIONAL_EXECUTABLES)  # install to system/xbin

LOCAL_MODULE:= iwconfig
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS :=optional

include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)

# iwevent
include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := iwevent.c

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-self-assign \
                -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual \
                -Winline -MMD -fPIC

LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libcutils libc libm libiw
#LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true

LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_OPTIONAL_EXECUTABLES)  # install to system/xbin

LOCAL_MODULE:= iwevent
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS :=optional

include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)

############# iwgetid ############
include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := iwgetid.c

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-self-assign \
                -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual \
                -Winline -MMD -fPIC

LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libcutils libc libm libiw
#LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true

LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_OPTIONAL_EXECUTABLES)  # install to system/xbin

LOCAL_MODULE:= iwgetid
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS :=optional

include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)

############# iwlist ############
include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := iwlist.c

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-self-assign \
                -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual \
                -Winline -MMD -fPIC

LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libcutils libc libm libiw
#LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true

LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_OPTIONAL_EXECUTABLES)  # install to system/xbin

LOCAL_MODULE:= iwlist
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS :=optional

include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)

############# iwpriv ############
include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := iwpriv.c

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-self-assign \
                -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual \
                -Winline -MMD -fPIC

LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libcutils libc libm libiw
#LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true

LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_OPTIONAL_EXECUTABLES)  # install to system/xbin

LOCAL_MODULE:= iwpriv
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS :=optional

include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)

############# iwspy ############
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := iwspy.c

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-self-assign \
                -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual \
                -Winline -MMD -fPIC

LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libcutils libc libm libiw
#LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true

LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_OPTIONAL_EXECUTABLES)  # install to system/xbin

LOCAL_MODULE:= iwspy
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS :=optional

include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)

然后运行mm -B 编译即可生成wconfig,iwevent,iwgetid,iwlist,iwpriv,iwspy

3. 测试

1. STA模式测试:

1. 启动无线网卡:

$ ifconfig wlan0 up

2. 测试
   可通过iwlist查看channel, wifi节点,速率等信息.

root@sabresd_6dl_wh_psa:/system/lib/modules # iwlist wlan0 channel             
wlan0     14 channels in total; available frequencies :
          Channel 01 : 2.412 GHz
          Channel 02 : 2.417 GHz
          Channel 03 : 2.422 GHz
          Channel 04 : 2.427 GHz
          Channel 05 : 2.432 GHz
          Channel 06 : 2.437 GHz
          Channel 07 : 2.442 GHz
          Channel 08 : 2.447 GHz
          Channel 09 : 2.452 GHz
          Channel 10 : 2.457 GHz
          Channel 11 : 2.462 GHz
          Channel 12 : 2.467 GHz
          Channel 13 : 2.472 GHz
          Channel 14 : 2.484 GHz
          Current Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)

root@sabresd_6dl_wh_psa:/system/lib/modules # iwlist wlan0 bitrate             
wlan0     unknown bit-rate information.
          Current Bit Rate:1 Mb/s

root@sabresd_6dl_wh_psa:/system/lib/modules # iwlist wlan0 scan                
wlan0     Scan completed :
          Cell 01 - Address: 68:93:20:EE:98:B3
                    Protocol:11b/g/n BW20
                    ESSID:"WHLMGH"
                    Mode:Managed
                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
                    Quality=78/100  Signal level=-59 dBm  Noise level=-92 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    Bit Rates:144 Mb/s
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
          Cell 02 - Address: 68:93:20:EE:98:B4
                    Protocol:11b/g/n BW20
                    ESSID:"KETT231"
                    Mode:Managed
                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
                    Quality=99/100  Signal level=-51 dBm  Noise level=-92 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    Bit Rates:144 Mb/s
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
........

2. WiFi连接

$ iwpriv wlan0 set NetworkType=Infra
$ iwpriv wlan0 set AuthMode=WPA2PSK
$ iwpriv wlan0 set EncrypType=AES
$ iwpriv wlan0 set SSID="WHLMGH"
$ iwpriv wlan0 set WPAPSK="12345678"

3. 启动udhcpc配置wlan0网卡

$ udhcpc -i wlan0 &

此时设备就可以通过WiFi模块连接WiFi上网了。

2. AP模式测试:

1. 启动无线网卡:

$ ifconfig wlan0 up

2. 配置WiFi热点信息.

$ iwpriv wlan0 set NetworkType=Infra
$ iwpriv wlan0 set AuthMode=WPA2PSK
$ iwpriv wlan0 set EncrypType=AES
$ iwpriv wlan0 set SSID=mt7601ap_test
$ iwpriv wlan0 set WPAPSK="12345678"

SSID：WiFi热点名称，WPAPSK：WiFi密码

3. 开始DHCP服务

$  ifconfig wlan0 192.168.100.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

增加dhcp服务config文件udhcpd_wifi.conf,内容如下:

start           192.168.100.2           
end             192.168.100.254 
interface       wlan0            
opt     router  192.168.100.1
opt     subnet  255.255.255.0
opt     dns     202.96.134.133

4. 开启DHCPD服务:

 udhcpd -f  /etc/udhcpd_wifi.conf &

此时在手机端WiFi列表中可以看到mt7601ap_test,输入密码可成功连接.