CompletableFuture类详解，实现异步编排

一、CompletableFuture 提供了四个静态方法来创建一个异步操作：

public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable)
public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable, Executor executor)
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier)
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier, Executor executor)

1、runAsync 都是没有返回结果的，supplyAsync 都是可以获取返回结果的

2、可以传入自定义的线程池 Executor，否则就是用默认的线程池

3、根据方法的返回类型来判断是否该方法是否有返回类型

 public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("main....start.....");
        CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
            int i = 10 / 2;
            System.out.println("运行结果：" + i);
        }, executor);

        CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
            int i = 10 / 2;
            System.out.println("运行结果：" + i);
            return i;
        }, executor);
        Integer integer = future.get();

        System.out.println("main....stop....." + integer);
    }

二、计算完成时回调方法

whenComplete 可以处理正常和异常的计算结果，exceptionally 处理异常情况

whenComplete 和 whenCompleteAsync 的区别：

     whenComplete ：是执行当前任务的线程继续执行 whencomplete 的任务，不需要return返回

     whenCompleteAsync： 是执行把 whenCompleteAsync 这个任务继续提交给线程池来进行执行

方法不以 Async 结尾，意味着 Action 使用相同的线程执行，而 Async 会异步调用使用其他线程执行。

CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
    System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
    int i = 10 / 0;
    System.out.println("运行结果：" + i);
    return i;
}, executor).whenComplete((res,exception) ->{
    // 虽然能得到异常信息，但是没法修改返回的数据
    System.out.println("异步任务成功完成了...结果是：" +res + "异常是：" + exception);
}).exceptionally(throwable -> {
    // 可以感知到异常，同时返回默认值
    return 10;
});

二、handle 方法

handle  和 complete 一样，可以对结果做最后的处理（可处理异常），必须有return返回值

    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handle(
        BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn) {
        return uniHandleStage(null, fn);
    }

    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handleAsync(
        BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn) {
        return uniHandleStage(asyncPool, fn);
    }

    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handleAsync(
        BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn, Executor executor) {
        return uniHandleStage(screenExecutor(executor), fn);
    }

CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
    System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
    int i = 10 / 2;
    System.out.println("运行结果：" + i);
    return i;
}, executor).handle((res,thr) ->{
    if (res != null ) {
        return res * 2;
    }
    if (thr != null) {
        return 0;
    }
    return 0;
});

四、线程串行方法

public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApply(Function<? super T,? extends U> fn) 
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApplyAsync(Function<? super T,? extends U> fn)
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApplyAsync(Function<? super T,? extends U> fn,Executor executor) 

public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAccept(Consumer<? super T> action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptAsync(Consumer<? super T> action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptAsync(Consumer<? super T> action,
Executor executor)

public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRun(Runnable action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRunAsync(Runnable action) 
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRunAsync(Runnable action,Executor executor)

thenApply 方法：当一个线程依赖另一个线程时，获取上一个任务返回的结果，并返回当前处理返回值

thenAccept方法：消费处理结果，接受任务处理结果，并消费处理，无返回结果

thenRun 方法：只要上面任务执行完成，就开始执行 thenRun ,只是处理完任务后，执行 thenRun的后续操作，无返回结果

带有 Async 默认是异步执行的五

        /**
         * 线程串行化，
         * 1、thenRun:不能获取到上一步的执行结果，无返回值
         * .thenRunAsync(() ->{
         *             System.out.println("任务2启动了....");
         *         },executor);
         * 2、能接受上一步结果，但是无返回值 thenAcceptAsync
         * 3、thenApplyAsync 能收受上一步结果，有返回值
         *
         */
        CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
            int i = 10 / 2;
            System.out.println("运行结果：" + i);
            return i;
        }, executor).thenApplyAsync(res -> {
            System.out.println("任务2启动了..." + res);
            return "Hello " + res;
        }, executor);
        String s = future.get();

        System.out.println("main....stop....." + s);

五、并行任务组合 - 都要完成

并行两个任务必须都完成，触发该任务

thenCombine: 组合两个 future，获取两个 future的返回结果，并返回当前任务的返回值

thenAccpetBoth: 组合两个 future，获取两个 future 任务的返回结果，然后处理任务，没有返回值

runAfterBoth:组合 两个 future，不需要获取 future 的结果，只需要两个 future处理完成任务后，处理该任务

   public <U,V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombine(
        CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
        BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn) {
        return biApplyStage(null, other, fn);
    }

    public <U,V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombineAsync(
        CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
        BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn) {
        return biApplyStage(asyncPool, other, fn);
    }

    public <U,V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombineAsync(
        CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
        BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn, Executor executor) {
        return biApplyStage(screenExecutor(executor), other, fn);
    }

    public <U> CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptBoth(
        CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
        BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action) {
        return biAcceptStage(null, other, action);
    }

    public <U> CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptBothAsync(
        CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
        BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action) {
        return biAcceptStage(asyncPool, other, action);
    }

    public <U> CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptBothAsync(
        CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
        BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action, Executor executor) {
        return biAcceptStage(screenExecutor(executor), other, action);
    }

    public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterBoth(CompletionStage<?> other,
                                                Runnable action) {
        return biRunStage(null, other, action);
    }

    public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterBothAsync(CompletionStage<?> other,
                                                     Runnable action) {
        return biRunStage(asyncPool, other, action);
    }

    public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterBothAsync(CompletionStage<?> other,
                                                     Runnable action,
                                                     Executor executor) {
        return biRunStage(screenExecutor(executor), other, action);
    }

案例如下：

/**
         * 两个都完成
         */
        CompletableFuture<Integer> future01 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("任务1当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
            int i = 10 / 4;
            System.out.println("任务1结束：" + i);
            return i;
        }, executor);

        CompletableFuture<String> future02 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("任务2当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
            System.out.println("任务2结束：");
            return "Hello";
        }, executor);


        // f1 和 f2 单独定义返回结果
        CompletableFuture<String> future = future01.thenCombineAsync(future02, (f1, f2)->         
        {
            return f1 + ":" + f2 + "-> Haha";
        }, executor);

        System.out.println("main....end....." + future.get());

六、两任务组合 - 一个完成

    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEither(
        CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Function<? super T, U> fn) {
        return orApplyStage(null, other, fn);
    }

    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEitherAsync(
        CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Function<? super T, U> fn) {
        return orApplyStage(asyncPool, other, fn);
    }

    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEitherAsync(
        CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Function<? super T, U> fn,
        Executor executor) {
        return orApplyStage(screenExecutor(executor), other, fn);
    }

    public CompletableFuture<Void> acceptEither(
        CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Consumer<? super T> action) {
        return orAcceptStage(null, other, action);
    }

    public CompletableFuture<Void> acceptEitherAsync(
        CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Consumer<? super T> action) {
        return orAcceptStage(asyncPool, other, action);
    }

    public CompletableFuture<Void> acceptEitherAsync(
        CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Consumer<? super T> action,
        Executor executor) {
        return orAcceptStage(screenExecutor(executor), other, action);
    }

    public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterEither(CompletionStage<?> other,
                                                  Runnable action) {
        return orRunStage(null, other, action);
    }

    public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterEitherAsync(CompletionStage<?> other,
                                                       Runnable action) {
        return orRunStage(asyncPool, other, action);
    }

    public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterEitherAsync(CompletionStage<?> other,
                                                       Runnable action,
                                                       Executor executor) {
        return orRunStage(screenExecutor(executor), other, action);
    }

当两个任务中，任意一个future 任务完成时，执行任务

applyToEither：两个任务有一个执行完成，获取它的返回值，处理任务并有新的返回值

acceptEither： 两个任务有一个执行完成，获取它的返回值，处理任务，没有新的返回值

runAfterEither：两个任务有一个执行完成，不需要获取 future 的结果，处理任务，也没有返回值

         /**
         * 两个任务，只要有一个完成，我们就执行任务
         * runAfterEnitherAsync：不感知结果，自己没有返回值
         * acceptEitherAsync：感知结果，自己没有返回值
         *  applyToEitherAsync：感知结果，自己有返回值
         */
//        future01.runAfterEitherAsync(future02,() ->{
//            System.out.println("任务3开始...之前的结果:");
//        },executor);

//        future01.acceptEitherAsync(future02,(res) -> {
//            System.out.println("任务3开始...之前的结果:" + res);
//        },executor);

        CompletableFuture<String> future = future01.applyToEitherAsync(future02, res -> {
            System.out.println("任务3开始...之前的结果：" + res);
            return res.toString() + "->哈哈";
        }, executor);

七、多任务组合

    public static CompletableFuture<Void> allOf(CompletableFuture<?>... cfs) {
        return andTree(cfs, 0, cfs.length - 1);
    }

    public static CompletableFuture<Object> anyOf(CompletableFuture<?>... cfs) {
        return orTree(cfs, 0, cfs.length - 1);
    }

allOf：等待所有任务完成

anyOf:只要有一个任务完成

CompletableFuture<String> futureImg = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("查询商品的图片信息");
            return "hello.jpg";
        });

        CompletableFuture<String> futureAttr = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("查询商品的属性");
            return "黑色+256G";
        });

        CompletableFuture<String> futureDesc = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
            System.out.println("查询商品介绍");
            return "华为";
        });

        // 等待全部执行完
//        CompletableFuture<Void> allOf = CompletableFuture.allOf(futureImg, futureAttr, futureDesc);
//        allOf.get();

        // 只需要有一个执行完
        CompletableFuture<Object> anyOf = CompletableFuture.anyOf(futureImg, futureAttr, futureDesc);
        anyOf.get();
        System.out.println("main....end....." + anyOf.get());