Linux 高并发学习笔记 - 共享内存

2.3.7 共享内存

Linux 高并发学习笔记 - 笔记索引

共享内存原理

• 共享内存（Shared Memory）与内存映射技术相仿。但不同的是，内存映射建立了与磁盘空间的同步关系（不考虑匿名内存映射），这意味着内存映射同样需要操作磁盘；而共享内存在物理内存中开辟空间，为不同进程建立相同的虚拟内存映射，无需操作磁盘，效率更高。
• 共享内存必须是页（即4096Bytes）的倍数，不足4096Bytes的倍数向上取整倍。
• 共享内存位于虚拟内存空间的共享区。

共享内存操作

• shmget

#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
// 	get or create a shared memory
// 		key:
// 			the shared memory key to get or create (depending on "shmflg")
// 		size:
// 			the size of shared memory to create
// 			if getting a shared memory, size can be any but no more than exactly size of shared memory
// 		shmflg:
// 			(default):
// 				get a shared memory, otherwise raise an error
// 			IPC_CREAT:
// 				if the shared memory id not found, a new memory will be create
// 			IPC_EXCL:
// 				if the shared memory id already exists, an error will be raise
// 				it should be used with IPC_CREAT
// 			* others:
// 				if IPC_CREAT is chosen, you should OR-ed with the permission mode on "shmflg"
// 		return value:
// 			the shmid (different to key), or -1 for error
int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg);

// About more
// $ man 2 shmget

• shmat、shmdt

// 	attach the shared memory to the process
// 		shmid:
// 			shmid getting from "shmget"
// 		shmaddr:
// 			Address base of the memory, it's a hint of address to kernel but not exactly the address.
// 			Usually NULL is given.
// 		shmflg:
// 			(default):
// 				read and write permisson
// 			SHM_EXEC:
// 				execute permission
// 			SHM_RDONLY:
// 				readonly (remove the write permisson)
// 		return value:
// 			exact memory address, or -1 for error
void *shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg);

// 	detach the shared memory from the process
// 		shmaddr:
// 			address of shared memory getting from "shmat"
// 		return value:
// 			return 0 for success, or -1 for error
int shmdt(const void *shmaddr);

// About more
// $ man 2 shmat

• shmctl

// 	free the shared memory (and other functioms, see in more)
// 		shmid:
// 			shmid getting from "shmget"
// 		cmd:
// 			IPC_RMID:
// 				remove the shared memory
// 		buf:
// 			NULL
int shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);

// About more
// $ man 2 shmctl