JDK1.7 中新增了nio包,基于此包可实现java程序基于操作系统的情况下对文件或文件夹进行CRUD操作,同时支持跨系统间的文件操作。
一、对文件操作代码
1、在java中基于IO对系统文件进行操作
public static void oldCopyFileList(){
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
FileInputStream input = null;
FileOutputStream output = null;
try {
File file = new File("D:/1");
String newPath = "D:/2";
if(!file.isFile()){
for(int i=0;i<file.listFiles().length;i++){
File fileSun = file.listFiles()[i];
input = new FileInputStream(file.listFiles()[i]);
output = new FileOutputStream(newPath + "/"+(fileSun.getName()).toString());
byte[] b = new byte[1024 * 5];
int len;
while ((len = input.read(b)) != -1) {
output.write(b, 0, len);
}
output.flush();
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(null !=input ){
try {
input.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
if(null !=output ){
try {
output.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
}
System.err.println("time:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-begin));
}
2、java中基于nio对文件进行操作
public static void newFileList(){
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
Path path = Paths.get("D:/1");
String newPath = "D:/2/";
DirectoryStream<Path> streamList = Files.newDirectoryStream(path);
for (Path pathSun : streamList){
Files.copy(pathSun, Paths.get(newPath+pathSun.getFileName()) , StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.err.println("time:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-begin));
}
3、在Files工具类中同样提供了基于InputStream的文件操作方式,代码如下所示:
public static void oldCopyFileList(){
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
FileInputStream input = null;
try {
File file = new File("D:/1");
String newPath = "D:/2/";
if(!file.isFile()){
for(int i=0;i<file.listFiles().length;i++){
File fileSun = file.listFiles()[i];
System.err.println(fileSun.getName());
input = new FileInputStream(file.listFiles()[i]);
Files.copy(input, Paths.get(newPath+fileSun.getName()), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(null !=input ){
try {
input.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
}
System.err.println("time:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-begin));
}
这种方式可用于上传的图片添加水印,但是只有想法,未投入到生产使用,不知道是否有什么后遗症。
比较
在处理单个大文件的拷贝时使用IO的效率要高于nio。nio在进行多个小文件拷贝时效率远远高于IO。
二、源码分析
window系统源码(与上方代码相对应这里只针对copy源码)
1、Files.copy
public static Path copy(Path paramPath1, Path paramPath2, CopyOption[]
paramArrayOfCopyOption)throws IOException{
FileSystemProvider localFileSystemProvider = provider(paramPath1);
if (provider(paramPath2) == localFileSystemProvider){
localFileSystemProvider.copy(paramPath1, paramPath2,
paramArrayOfCopyOption);
}else {
//这里有支持其他系统的意思,我还未细研究写出应用实例
CopyMoveHelper.copyToForeignTarget(paramPath1,
paramPath2, paramArrayOfCopyOption);
}
return paramPath2;
}
通过以下代码来获得是当前是什么系统的,具体为什么还没有想通?
public static FileSystem getDefault(){
return DefaultFileSystemHolder.defaultFileSystem;
}
private static class DefaultFileSystemHolder {
static final FileSystem defaultFileSystem = defaultFileSystem();
private static FileSystem defaultFileSystem(){
FileSystemProvider localFileSystemProvider = (FileSystemProvider)AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction(){
public FileSystemProvider run() {
return FileSystems.DefaultFileSystemHolder.access$000();
}
});
return localFileSystemProvider.getFileSystem(URI.create("file:///"));
}
}
2、WindowsFileSystemProvider.copy 在linux下的实现类为UnixFileSystemProvider
public void copy(Path paramPath1, Path paramPath2, CopyOption[] paramArrayOfCopyOption)
throws IOException{
WindowsFileCopy.copy(WindowsPath.toWindowsPath(paramPath1), WindowsPath.toWindowsPath(paramPath2), paramArrayOfCopyOption);
}
这里将公用的Path转为WindowsPath,linux下转为了UnixPath,还有相应的ZipPath,对zip文件操作。
3、WindowsFileCopy.copy() 这个方法操作非常复杂,这里只是最简单列了一种情况,而且其中好多异常捕获和线程的开关都删除掉了,有兴趣的请查看源码
WindowsFileAttributes localWindowsFileAttributes1 = null;
WindowsFileAttributes localWindowsFileAttributes2 = null;
//获得文件属性 比如只读 等等
long l1 = 0L;
l1 = paramWindowsPath1.openForReadAttributeAccess(bool);
localWindowsFileAttributes1 = WindowsFileAttributes.readAttributes(l1);
//获得文件属性 比如只读 等等
long l2 = 0L;
l2 = paramWindowsPath2.openForReadAttributeAccess(false);
localWindowsFileAttributes2 = WindowsFileAttributes.readAttributes(l2);
//获得文件路径
String str1 = asWin32Path(paramWindowsPath1);
String str2 = asWin32Path(paramWindowsPath2);
int i2 = ((paramWindowsPath1.getFileSystem().supportsLinks()) && (!bool)) ? 2048 : 0;
try {
WindowsNativeDispatcher.CopyFileEx(str1, str2, i2, 0L);
} catch (WindowsException localWindowsException6) {
localWindowsException6.rethrowAsIOException(paramWindowsPath1, paramWindowsPath2);
}
4、WindowsNativeDispatcher 与操作系统对接的文件操作类
static void CopyFileEx(String paramString1, String paramString2, int paramInt, long paramLong)
throws WindowsException{
NativeBuffer localNativeBuffer1 = asNativeBuffer(paramString1);
NativeBuffer localNativeBuffer2 = asNativeBuffer(paramString2);
try {
CopyFileEx0(localNativeBuffer1.address(), localNativeBuffer2.address(), paramInt, paramLong);
}
finally {
localNativeBuffer2.release();
localNativeBuffer1.release();
}
}
private static native long CreateFile0(long paramLong1, int paramInt1, int paramInt2, long paramLong2, int paramInt3, int paramInt4)
throws WindowsException;
此类中还提供了CreateFile、DeleteFile、CreateDirectory等方法。
由于Jdk中添加了nio包,同时新增加了用以遍历文件目录的迭代器DirectoryStream继承于Iterable。
官方解释如下:
An object to iterate over the entries in a directory. A directory stream
allows for the convenient use of the for-each construct to iterate over a
directory.
其特点:其中定义了一个interface Filter<T> 静态内部接口。