C++上机实验6

question1

• 建立两个磁盘文件f1.dat和f2.dat，编程序实现以下工作：
  1. 从键盘输入20个整数，分别存放在两个磁盘文件中（每个文件中放10个整数）；
  2. 从f1.dat中读10个数，然后存放在f2.dat原有数据的后面；
  3. 从f2.dat中读20个数

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int a;
  fstream ofs1,ofs2;
  ofs1.open("f1.dat",ios::out);
  ofs2.open("f2.dat",ios::out);
  cout<<"请输入10个int型数据到文件f1.dat中："<<endl;
  for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ 
      if(i==0) cout<<"前五个数字：";
      if(i==5) cout<<"后五个数字: ";
      cin>>a;
      ofs1<<a<<"  ";
      }
	ofs1<<endl;
  cout<<"请输入10个int型数据到文件f2.dat中："<<endl;
   for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ 
      if(i==0) cout<<"前五个数字：";
      if(i==5) cout<<"后五个数字: ";
      cin>>a;
      ofs2<<a<<"  ";
      }
	ofs2<<endl;
    //ofs1.seekg(0,ios::beg);
    /*cout<<"ofs1当前指针位置:";cout<<ofs1.tellg()<<endl;
    cout<<"ofs2当前指针位置:";cout<<ofs2.tellp()<<endl;*/
    ofs1.close();
    ofs2.close();
  ofs1.open("f1.dat",ios::in);
  ofs2.open("f2.dat",ios::app);
    cout<<"从f1文件读10个数字,并储存到f2文件"<<endl;
    while(!ofs1.eof()){
       ofs1>>a;
       ofs2<<a<<"  ";
                           }
    ofs2.close();
    ofs2.open("f2.dat",ios::in);
    //ofs2.seekg(0,ios::beg);
    //cout<<"ofs2当前指针位置:";cout<<ofs2.tellg()<<endl;
	for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
       ofs2>>a;
       cout<<a<<"  ";
       if(i%5==0&&i!=0) cout<<endl;
                            }
	cout<<endl;
    ofs1.close();
	ofs2.close();
	
  return 0;
}

 question2

二、求一元二次方程的实根，如果没有实根，输出警告信息。如有实根，则将实根写到一个文本文件root1.txt，然后再写到一个二进制文件roots.bin文件中。

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
class Equation
{private:
	float a,b,c,delta,x1,x2;
 public:
 	Equation()
 	{   cout<<"请输入a,b,c:";
 	    cin>>a>>b>>c;
	 }
	Equation(float aa=0 ,float bb=0 ,float cc=0 ):a(aa),b(bb),c(cc) {}
    int rootExist()
    {   delta=b*b-4*a*c;
	    if(delta<0){
	       cerr<<"erro! root not found!"<<endl;
	       return 0;
		} 
        else{
           x1 = (-b+sqrt(delta))/2/a;
           x2 = (-b-sqrt(delta))/2/a;
           return 1;
		}}
	void rootWrite()
	{   ofstream ofs1,ofs2;
        ofs1.open("root1.txt",ios::app|ios::in);
        ofs2.open("root2.bin",ios::app|ios::binary);
        if(rootExist()){ 
           ofs1<<x1<<"  "<<x2<<endl;
           ofs2<<x2<<"  "<<x2<<endl;
        } 
        ofs1.close();
        ofs2.close();
	}
	void disp()
	{  if(rootExist()){ 
	      cout<<"方程 "<<a<<"x^2"<<(b>=0?"+":" ")<<b<<"x"<<(c>=0?"+":" ")<<c<<"=0 的根为:"<<endl;
	      cout<<"  x1="<<x1<<",  x2="<<x2<<endl;} 
	   else
	      cout<<"方程 "<<a<<"x^2"<<(b>=0?"+":" ")<<b<<"x"<<(c>=0?"+":" ")<<c<<"=0 无根"<<endl;
	}
 }; 
 int main()
 {  Equation e1(4,4,1),e2(1,9,1),e3(3,1,2);
    e1.rootWrite();
	e1.disp();
    e2.rootWrite();
    e2.disp();
    e3.rootWrite();
    e3.disp();
 	return 0;
 }

question3

三、编写一个简单的学生成绩管理，数据要存入文件。有增删改查询的功能。要考虑异常处理。（数组实现）

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string.h>
#define Max 50
using namespace std;
class Student
{
private:
	long no;
	char name[20];
	int score;
	static int count;
public:
	void add();//增加一条信息 
	void del();//删除 个人信息 
	void modify();//修个某个人信息 
	void disp_search();//查找某个人信息 
	void output();//输出所有学生信息 
	void save();//保存一条信息 
	void infoget();
};
int Student::count = 0;
int main()
{
	char name[20];
	int choice;
	Student st;
	do {
		cout << "   请选择：" << endl;
		cout << "1  添加学生 2  删除  3  更改信息  4  查询   5  显示所有学生信息  0  退出" << endl;
		cin >> choice;
		switch (choice) {
		case 1:st.add(); break;
		case 2:st.del(); break;
		case 3:st.modify(); break;
		case 4:st.disp_search(); break;
		case 5:st.output(); break;
		}
	} while (choice != 0);
	return 0;
}
void Student::add()
{
	cout << "学号："; cin >> no;
	cout << "姓名："; cin >> name;
	cout << "成绩："; cin >> score;
	save();
}
void Student::del()
{
	infoget();
	int exit, index;
	cout << "是否退出此操作？ YES 1 NO 其他数字  :";
	cin >> exit;
	if (exit != 1) {
		fstream fs;
		fs.open("stu1.txt", ios::in);
		Student stu[Max];
		cout << "要删除的学生学号："; cin >> index;
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
		{
			fs >> stu[i].no >> stu[i].name >> stu[i].score;
			if (stu[i].no == index) {
				cout << "查找到该学生,删除成功！" << endl;
				index = i;
			}
		}
		fs.close();
		for (int i = index; i < count; i++)
		{
			stu[i].no = stu[i + 1].no;
			strcpy(stu[i].name, stu[i + 1].name);
			stu[i].score = stu[i + 1].score;
		}
		fstream fs0;
		fs0.open("stu1.txt", ios::out);
		for (int i = 0; i < count - 1; i++)
			fs0 << setiosflags(ios::left) << setw(10) << stu[i].no << setw(10) << stu[i].name << setw(5) << stu[i].score << endl;
		fs0.close();
	}
}
void Student::modify()
{
	int exit;
	cout << "是否退出此操作？ YES 1 NO 其他数字  :";
	cin >> exit;
	if (exit != 1) {
		fstream fs;
		fs.open("stu1.txt", ios::in);
		Student stu[Max], st;
		int i = 0, index;
		while (!fs.eof())
		{
			fs >> stu[i].no >> stu[i].name >> stu[i].score;
			i++;
		}
		infoget();
		cout << "要修改的学生学号："; cin >> index;

		for (int i = 0; i < Student::count; i++)
			if (stu[i].no == index) {
				cout << "查找到该学生" << endl;
				cout << "请输入新的姓名和分数(用空格隔开):";
				cin >> stu[i].name >> stu[i].score;
			}
		fs.close();
		fstream fs0;
		fs0.open("stu1.txt", ios::out);
		for (int i = 0; i < Student::count; i++)
			fs0 << setiosflags(ios::left) << setw(10) << stu[i].no << setw(10) << stu[i].name << setw(5) << stu[i].score << endl;
		fs0.close();
	}
}
void Student::disp_search()
{
	infoget();
	int choice, find = 0;
	fstream fs;
	fs.open("stu1.txt", ios::in);
	cout << "请输入要索引的学号："; cin >> choice;
	for (int i = 0; i < Student::count; i++) {
		fs >> no >> name >> score; //逐个读取学生信息并判断是否存在 
		if (choice == no) {
			cout << "查找成功，该同学信息为：" << setiosflags(ios::left) << setw(10) << no << setw(10) << name << setw(5) << score << endl;
			find = 1;
		}
	}
	if (find == 0)
		cout << "查找失败，不存在该学生信息" << endl;
	fs.close();
}
void Student::output()
{
	infoget();
	if (count == 0)
		cout << "当前文件无学生信息" << endl;
	else {
		fstream fs;
		fs.open("stu1.txt", ios::in);
		for (int i = 0; i < Student::count; i++) {
			fs >>no>> name >> score;
			cout << setiosflags(ios::left)<<setw(10)<<no << setw(10) << name << setw(5) << score << endl;
		}
		fs.close();
	}
}
void Student::save()
{
	fstream fs;
	Student st;
	int i;
	fs.open("stu1.txt", ios::app|ios::in);
	infoget();
	try {
		for ( i = 0; i < count; i++) {
			fs >> st.no >> st.name >> st.score;
			if (st.score == score) {
				throw i;
			}
		}
	}
	catch (int i) {
		cout << "Exception:   该学生与文件中第" << i + 1 << "位学生的学号重复！" << endl;
	}
	fs << setiosflags(ios::left) << setw(10) << no << setw(10) << name << setw(5) << score << endl;
	fs.close();
}

void Student::infoget()
{
	int i = 0;
	fstream fs;
	fs.open("stu1.txt", ios::in);
	while (!fs.eof()) {
		i++;
		fs >> no >> name >> score;
	}
	Student::count = i - 1;
	fs.close();
}