BUG——Freemarker：The following has evaluated to null or missing

一、异常

FreeMarker template error:
The following has evaluated to null or missing:
==> goodsDesc  [in template "item.ftl" at line 428, column 75]

----
Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)??
----

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FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
	- Failed at: ${goodsDesc.introduction}  [in template "item.ftl" at line 428, column 73]
----

Java stack trace (for programmers):
----
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...]
	at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:131)
	at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.newDesciptionBuilder(UnexpectedTypeException.java:77)
	at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.<init>(UnexpectedTypeException.java:40)
	at freemarker.core.NonHashException.<init>(NonHashException.java:46)
	at freemarker.core.Dot._eval(Dot.java:45)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:78)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.evalAndCoerceToString(Expression.java:82)
	at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:41)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:324)
	at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:54)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:324)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:302)
	at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:325)
	at com.offcn.page.service.impl.ItemPageServiceImpl.genItemHtml(ItemPageServiceImpl.java:57)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.common.bytecode.Wrapper1.invokeMethod(Wrapper1.java)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.proxy.javassist.JavassistProxyFactory$1.doInvoke(JavassistProxyFactory.java:47)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.proxy.AbstractProxyInvoker.invoke(AbstractProxyInvoker.java:76)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.config.invoker.DelegateProviderMetaDataInvoker.invoke(DelegateProviderMetaDataInvoker.java:52)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.InvokerWrapper.invoke(InvokerWrapper.java:56)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.ExceptionFilter.invoke(ExceptionFilter.java:62)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper$1.invoke(ProtocolFilterWrapper.java:72)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.monitor.support.MonitorFilter.invoke(MonitorFilter.java:75)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper$1.invoke(ProtocolFilterWrapper.java:72)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.TimeoutFilter.invoke(TimeoutFilter.java:42)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper$1.invoke(ProtocolFilterWrapper.java:72)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.filter.TraceFilter.invoke(TraceFilter.java:78)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper$1.invoke(ProtocolFilterWrapper.java:72)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.ContextFilter.invoke(ContextFilter.java:73)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper$1.invoke(ProtocolFilterWrapper.java:72)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.GenericFilter.invoke(GenericFilter.java:138)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper$1.invoke(ProtocolFilterWrapper.java:72)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.ClassLoaderFilter.invoke(ClassLoaderFilter.java:38)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper$1.invoke(ProtocolFilterWrapper.java:72)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.EchoFilter.invoke(EchoFilter.java:38)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper$1.invoke(ProtocolFilterWrapper.java:72)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.DubboProtocol$1.reply(DubboProtocol.java:104)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.exchange.support.header.HeaderExchangeHandler.handleRequest(HeaderExchangeHandler.java:96)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.exchange.support.header.HeaderExchangeHandler.received(HeaderExchangeHandler.java:173)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.transport.DecodeHandler.received(DecodeHandler.java:51)
	at com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.transport.dispatcher.ChannelEventRunnable.run(ChannelEventRunnable.java:57)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

二、分析

第一次接触Freemarker网页静态化技术，看见报一大片错误有点慌，其实仔细看一下报错信息：The following has evaluated to null or missing:==> goodsDesc [in template “item.ftl” at line 428, column 75]，报错原因不言而喻了：变量为空。

三、解决

空值处理运算符：直接上案例

1）判断某变量是否存在:“??”

用法为:variable??,如果该变量存在,返回true,否则返回false

<#if aaa??>
  aaa变量存在
<#else>
  aaa变量不存在
</#if>

2）缺失变量默认值:“!”

当aaa为null则返回！后边的内容-

  ${aaa!'-'}