Connected to an idle instance. ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

[oracle@ty ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"


SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Dec 6 15:53:17 2013


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Connected to an idle instance.


SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
select instance_name from v$instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0

Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0

SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'

参考：http://www.eygle.com/archives/2008/12/oracle_internals_startup_nomount.html