1. RestTemplate
RestTemplate: 是 Spring 提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端, RestTemplate 提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,能够大大提高客户端的编写效率。
SpringBoot中先注册bean
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
// 或者
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) {
return new RestTemplate(factory);
}
@Bean
public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory() {
//默认的是JDK提供http连接,需要的话可以//通过setRequestFactory方法替换为例如Apache HttpComponents、Netty或//OkHttp等其它HTTP library。
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
factory.setReadTimeout(5000);//单位为ms
factory.setConnectTimeout(5000);//单位为ms
return factory;
}
使用姿势:
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@ApiOperation(value = "RestTemplate获取天气")
@GetMapping(value = "/v2/weather", consumes = MediaType.ALL_VALUE)
public Object weather(@ApiParam(value = "语言") @RequestParam(value = "language") String language, @ApiParam(value = "地址") @RequestParam(value = "location") String location) throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
URI uri = new URIBuilder()
.setScheme("https").setHost("api.seniverse.com").setPath("/v3/weather/now.json")
.setParameter("key", "w99tf57ghc86thhv")
.setParameter("language", language)
.setParameter("location", location)
.build();
return restTemplate.getForObject(uri, Object.class);
}
2. HttpUrlConnection
HttpURLConnection是Java的标准类,它继承自URLConnection,可用于向指定网站发送GET请求、POST请求。
它在URLConnection的基础上提供了如下便捷的方法:
int getResponseCode(); // 获取服务器的响应代码。
String getResponseMessage(); // 获取服务器的响应消息。
String getResponseMethod(); // 获取发送请求的方法。
void setRequestMethod(String method); // 设置发送请求的方法。
使用姿势:
Method:GET
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. 得到访问地址的URL
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/Servlet/do_login.do?username=test&password=123456");
// 2. 得到网络访问对象java.net.HttpURLConnection
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
/* 3. 设置请求参数(过期时间,输入、输出流、访问方式),以流的形式进行连接 */
// 设置是否向HttpURLConnection输出
connection.setDoOutput(false);
// 设置是否从HttpUrlConnection读入
connection.setDoInput(true);
// 设置请求方式
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
// 设置是否使用缓存
connection.setUseCaches(true);
// 设置此 HttpURLConnection 实例是否应该自动执行 HTTP 重定向
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
// 设置超时时间
connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
// 连接
connection.connect();
// 4. 得到响应状态码的返回值 responseCode
int code = connection.getResponseCode();
// 5. 如果返回值正常,数据在网络中是以流的形式得到服务端返回的数据
String msg = "";
if (code == 200) { // 正常响应
// 从流中读取响应信息
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { // 循环从流中读取
msg += line + "\n";
}
reader.close(); // 关闭流 }
// 6. 断开连接,释放资源
connection.disconnect();
// 显示响应结果
System.out.println(msg);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
Method:POST
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. 获取访问地址URL
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/Servlet/do_login.do");
// 2. 创建HttpURLConnection对象
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
/* 3. 设置请求参数等 */
// 请求方式
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
// 设置连接超时时间
connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
// 设置是否向 HttpUrlConnection 输出,对于post请求,参数要放在 http 正文内,因此需要设为true,默认为false。
connection.setDoOutput(true);
// 设置是否从 HttpUrlConnection读入,默认为true
connection.setDoInput(true);
// 设置是否使用缓存
connection.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置此 HttpURLConnection 实例是否应该自动执行 HTTP 重定向
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
// 设置使用标准编码格式编码参数的名-值对
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
// 添加 HTTP HEAD 中的一些参数。
// JDK8中,HttpURLConnection默认开启Keep-Alive
// connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
// 连接
connection.connect();
/* 4. 处理输入输出 */
// 写入参数到请求中
String params = "username=test&password=123456";
OutputStream out = connection.getOutputStream();
out.write(params.getBytes());
out.flush();
out.close();
// 从连接中读取响应信息
String msg = "";
int code = connection.getResponseCode();
if (code == 200) {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
msg += line + "\n";
}
reader.close();
}
// 5. 断开连接
connection.disconnect();
// 处理结果
System.out.println(msg);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
3. HttpClient
- 创建一个httpclient对象,注意以下版本问题说明
HttpClient4.0版本前:
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
4.0版本后:
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
- 创建一个httpGet对象
HttpGet request = new HttpGet(uri);
- 执行请求调用httpclient的execute(),传入httpGet对象,返回
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request, HttpClientContext.create());
- 取得响应结果并处理
- 关闭HttpClient
response.close();
httpClient.close();
使用姿势:
@ApiOperation(value = "HttpClient获取天气")
@GetMapping(value = "/v1/weather", consumes = MediaType.ALL_VALUE)
public ResponseEntity<String> getWeather(@ApiParam(value = "语言(zh-Hans:简体中文/zh-Hant:繁体中文)") @RequestParam(value = "language") String language,
@ApiParam(value = "地址") @RequestParam(value = "location") String location) throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
URI uri = new URIBuilder()
.setScheme("https").setHost("api.seniverse.com").setPath("/v3/weather/now.json")
.setParameter("key", "w99tf57ghc86thhv")
.setParameter("language", language)
.setParameter("location", location)
.build();
// 1.创建一个httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
// 2.创建一个httpGet对象
HttpGet request = new HttpGet(uri);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 3.执行请求调用httpclient的execute(),传入httpGet对象,返回CloseableHttpResponse
response = httpClient.execute(request, HttpClientContext.create());
// 4.取得响应结果并处理
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
for (Header header : response.getAllHeaders()) {
httpHeaders.add(header.getName(), header.getValue());
}
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
return new ResponseEntity<>(responseString, httpHeaders, HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode));
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
httpClient.close();
}
}
4. OkHttp
OkHttp 接口设计友好,支持 HTTP/2,并且在弱网和无网环境下有自动检测和恢复机制,因此,是当前 Android APP 开发中使用最广泛的 HTTP clilent lib 之一