GO语言圣经第一章习题

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-20 23:48:32 发布

岁余十二.

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-20 23:48:32 发布

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分类专栏： GO语言圣经习题文章标签： golang 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Tracy_yi/article/details/132490003

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1.2 命令行参数

修改 echo 程序，使其能够打印 os.Args[0]，即被执行命令本身的名字。

package main
 
import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
)
 
func main() {
	var s, sep string
	for i := 0; i < len(os.Args); i++ {
		s += sep + os.Args[i]
		sep = " "
	}
	fmt.Println(s)
}

修改 echo 程序，使其打印每个参数的索引和值，每个一行。

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	for index, arg := range os.Args[1:] {
		fmt.Printf("%d %s\n", index, arg)
	}
}

做实验测量潜在低效的版本和使用了 strings.Join 的版本的运行时间差异。

1.3 查找重复的行

修改 dup2，出现重复的行时打印文件名称。

参考博客，需要注意分情况，map中该键没有对应的值时，需要创建新的结构体。

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
)

type Line struct {
	count    int
	filename []string
}

func main() {
	counts := make(map[string]*Line)
	files := os.Args[1:]
	if len(files) == 0 {
		countLines(os.Stdin, counts)
	} else {
		for _, arg := range files {
			f, err := os.Open(arg)
			if err != nil {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "dup2: %v\n", err)
				continue
			}
			countLines(f, counts)
			f.Close()
		}
	}
	for k, v := range counts {
		if v.count > 1 {
			fmt.Printf("\n%d %s %v\n", v.count, k, v.filename)
		}
	}
}

func countLines(f *os.File, counts map[string]*Line) {
	input := bufio.NewScanner(f)
	for input.Scan() {
		key := input.Text()
		if _, ok := counts[key]; ok {
			counts[key].count++
			counts[key].filename = append(counts[key].filename, f.Name())
		} else {
			counts[key] = &Line{
				1,
				make([]string, 1),
			}
			counts[key].filename[0] = f.Name()
		}
	}
}

1.4 GIF动画

修改Lissajous程序，修改其调色板来生成更丰富的颜色，然后修改SetColorIndex的第三个参数，看看显示结果吧。

package main

import (
	"image"
	"image/color"
	"image/gif"
	"io"
	"math"
	"math/rand"
	"os"
)

//!-main
// Packages not needed by version in book.
import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

//!+main

var palette = []color.Color{color.White, color.Black, color.RGBA{0, 255, 0, 255}, color.RGBA{255, 0, 0, 255}, color.RGBA{0, 0, 255, 255}, color.RGBA{255, 255, 0, 255}, color.RGBA{0, 255, 255, 255}, color.RGBA{255, 0, 255, 255}}

const (
	whiteIndex = 0 // first color in palette
	blackIndex = 1 // next color in palette
)

func main() {
	//!-main
	// The sequence of images is deterministic unless we seed
	// the pseudo-random number generator using the current time.
	// Thanks to Randall McPherson for pointing out the omission.
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UTC().UnixNano())

	if len(os.Args) > 1 && os.Args[1] == "web" {
		//!+http
		handler := func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
			lissajous(w)
		}
		http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
		//!-http
		log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe("localhost:8000", nil))
		return
	}
	//!+main
	lissajous(os.Stdout)
}

func lissajous(out io.Writer) {
	const (
		cycles  = 5     // number of complete x oscillator revolutions
		res     = 0.001 // angular resolution
		size    = 100   // image canvas covers [-size..+size]
		nframes = 64    // number of animation frames
		delay   = 8     // delay between frames in 10ms units
	)
	freq := rand.Float64() * 3.0 // relative frequency of y oscillator
	anim := gif.GIF{LoopCount: nframes}
	phase := 0.0 // phase difference
	for i := 0; i < nframes; i++ {
		rect := image.Rect(0, 0, 2*size+1, 2*size+1)
		img := image.NewPaletted(rect, palette)
		for t := 0.0; t < cycles*2*math.Pi; t += res {
			x := math.Sin(t)
			y := math.Sin(t*freq + phase)
			img.SetColorIndex(size+int(x*size+0.5), size+int(y*size+0.5),
				uint8(rand.Intn(7)))
		}
		phase += 0.1
		anim.Delay = append(anim.Delay, delay)
		anim.Image = append(anim.Image, img)
	}
	gif.EncodeAll(out, &anim) // NOTE: ignoring encoding errors
}

1.5 获取URL

函数调用io.Copy(dst, src)会从src中读取内容，并将读到的结果写入到dst中，使用这个函数替代掉例子中的ioutil.ReadAll来拷贝响应结构体到os.Stdout，避免申请一个缓冲区（例子中的b）来存储。记得处理io.Copy返回结果中的错误。

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	for _, url := range os.Args[1:] {
		resp, err := http.Get(url)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "fetch: %v\n", err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		_, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, resp.Body)
		resp.Body.Close()
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "fetch: reading %s: %v\n", url, err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
	}
}

修改fetch这个范例，如果输入的url参数没有 http:// 前缀的话，为这个url加上该前缀。你可能会用到strings.HasPrefix这个函数。

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	for _, url := range os.Args[1:] {
		if !strings.HasPrefix(url, "http://") {
			url = "http://" + url
		}
		resp, err := http.Get(url)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "fetch: %v\n", err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		_, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, resp.Body)
		resp.Body.Close()
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "fetch: reading %s: %v\n", url, err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
	}
}

修改fetch打印出HTTP协议的状态码，可以从resp.Status变量得到该状态码。

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	for _, url := range os.Args[1:] {
		if !strings.HasPrefix(url, "http://") {
			url = "http://" + url
		}
		resp, err := http.Get(url)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "fetch: %v\n", err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		_, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, resp.Body)
		resp.Body.Close()
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "fetch: reading %s: %v\n", url, err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		fmt.Printf("status code:%d", resp.StatusCode)
	}
}

1.6 并发获取多个URL

修改本节中的程序，将响应结果输出到文件，以便于进行对比。

// Copyright © 2016 Alan A. A. Donovan & Brian W. Kernighan.
// License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

// See page 17.
//!+

// Fetchall fetches URLs in parallel and reports their times and sizes.
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"time"
)

func main() {

	testRetFile, _ := os.OpenFile("res.txt", os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE, 0666)

	start := time.Now()
	ch := make(chan string)
	for _, url := range os.Args[1:] {
		go fetch(url, ch) // start a goroutine
	}
	for range os.Args[1:] {

		testRetFile.WriteString(<-ch)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(testRetFile, "%.2fs elapsed\n", time.Since(start).Seconds())
}

func fetch(url string, ch chan<- string) {
	start := time.Now()
	resp, err := http.Get(url)
	if err != nil {
		ch <- fmt.Sprint(err) // send to channel ch
		return
	}

	nbytes, err := io.Copy(ioutil.Discard, resp.Body)
	resp.Body.Close() // don't leak resources
	if err != nil {
		ch <- fmt.Sprintf("while reading %s: %v", url, err)
		return
	}
	secs := time.Since(start).Seconds()
	ch <- fmt.Sprintf("%.2fs  %7d  %s", secs, nbytes, url)
}

//!-

1.7 Web服务

修改Lissajour服务，从URL读取变量，比如你可以访问 http://localhost:8000/?cycles=20 这个URL，这样访问可以将程序里的cycles默认的5修改为20。字符串转换为数字可以调用strconv.Atoi函数。你可以在godoc里查看strconv.Atoi的详细说明。

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"image"
	"image/color"
	"image/gif"
	"io"
	"log"
	"math"
	"math/rand"
	"net/http"
	"strconv"
)

var palette = []color.Color{color.White, color.Black, color.RGBA{0, 255, 0, 255}, color.RGBA{255, 0, 0, 255}, color.RGBA{0, 0, 255, 255}, color.RGBA{255, 255, 0, 255}, color.RGBA{0, 255, 255, 255}, color.RGBA{255, 0, 255, 255}}

func main() {
	http.HandleFunc("/", gifhandler) // each request calls handler
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe("localhost:8000", nil))
}

func gifhandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	params := r.URL.Query()
	fmt.Println(params)
	cStr := params.Get("cycles")
	cInt, _ := strconv.Atoi(cStr)
	lissajous(w, float64(cInt))
}

func lissajous(out io.Writer, c float64) {
	const (
		cycles  = 5     // number of complete x oscillator revolutions
		res     = 0.001 // angular resolution
		size    = 100   // image canvas covers [-size..+size]
		nframes = 64    // number of animation frames
		delay   = 8     // delay between frames in 10ms units
	)
	freq := rand.Float64() * 3.0 // relative frequency of y oscillator
	anim := gif.GIF{LoopCount: nframes}
	phase := 0.0 // phase difference
	for i := 0; i < nframes; i++ {
		rect := image.Rect(0, 0, 2*size+1, 2*size+1)
		img := image.NewPaletted(rect, palette)
		for t := 0.0; t < c*2*math.Pi; t += res {
			x := math.Sin(t)
			y := math.Sin(t*freq + phase)
			img.SetColorIndex(size+int(x*size+0.5), size+int(y*size+0.5),
				uint8(rand.Intn(7)))
		}
		phase += 0.1
		anim.Delay = append(anim.Delay, delay)
		anim.Image = append(anim.Image, img)
	}
	gif.EncodeAll(out, &anim) // NOTE: ignoring encoding errors
}