libevent从入门到掌握二

libevent从入门到掌握<二>

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一、案例说明

API及调用顺序为：

​ event_base()初始化event_base

​ event_set()初始化event

​ event_base_set()将event绑定到指定的event_base上

​ event_add()将event添加到事件链表上，注册事件

​ event_base_dispatch()循环、检测、分发事件

我们从源码入手，一步一步剖析libevent的调用以及原理；

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二、源码介绍

1.event_init()

struct event_base *
event_init(void)
{
	struct event_base *base = event_base_new();

	if (base != NULL)
		current_base = base;

	return (base);
}

event_init()函数主要调用event_base_new()函数，返回event_base结构体；其实，到后面会发现，我们直接调用event_base_new()函数也是可以的；

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2.event_base_new()

struct event_base *
event_base_new(void)
{
	int i;
	struct event_base *base;

	//用calloc而不用malloc的原因?
	//calloc动态分配完内存后，自动初始化该内存为零
	if ((base = calloc(1, sizeof(struct event_base))) == NULL)
		event_err(1, "%s: calloc", __func__);

	event_sigcb = NULL;
	event_gotsig = 0;

	detect_monotonic();//设置use_monotonic
	gettime(base, &base->event_tv);
	//初始化定时事件的小根堆
	min_heap_ctor(&base->timeheap);
	//初始化事件链表，头 ==   尾
	TAILQ_INIT(&base->eventqueue);
	//初始化信号
	base->sig.ev_signal_pair[0] = -1;
	base->sig.ev_signal_pair[1] = -1;
	//初始化IO多路复用机制
	base->evbase = NULL;
	//选取以NULL 结尾，初始化
	for (i = 0; eventops[i] && !base->evbase; i++) {
		base->evsel = eventops[i];

		base->evbase = base->evsel->init(base);
	}
	//如果没有IO多路复用

	if (base->evbase == NULL)
		event_errx(1, "%s: no event mechanism available", __func__);

	if (evutil_getenv("EVENT_SHOW_METHOD")) 
		event_msgx("libevent using: %s\n",
			   base->evsel->name);

	/* allocate a single active event queue */
	//设置优先级
	//活跃事件链表中，优先级值越小，越优先
	event_base_priority_init(base, 1);

	return (base);
}

event_base_new()做的工作主要就是对结构体event_base的初始化的作用，设置一些参数这类的；

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3.event_set

void
event_set(struct event *ev, int fd, short events,
	  void (*callback)(int, short, void *), void *arg)
{
	/* Take the current base - caller needs to set the real base later */
	//初始化中event_init()
	ev->ev_base = current_base;

	ev->ev_callback = callback;
	ev->ev_arg = arg;
	ev->ev_fd = fd;
	ev->ev_events = events;
	ev->ev_res = 0;
	//设置event状态
	ev->ev_flags = EVLIST_INIT;
	ev->ev_ncalls = 0;
	ev->ev_pncalls = NULL;
	//初始化小根堆索引-1
	min_heap_elem_init(ev);

	/* by default, we put new events into the middle priority */
	if(current_base)
		ev->ev_pri = current_base->nactivequeues/2;
}

根据初始化参数，设置event参数；

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4.event_base_set()

int
event_base_set(struct event_base *base, struct event *ev)
{
	/* Only innocent events may be assigned to a different base */
	if (ev->ev_flags != EVLIST_INIT)
		return (-1);

	ev->ev_base = base;
	ev->ev_pri = base->nactivequeues/2;

	return (0);
}

将event_base_set()将event绑定到指定的event_base上

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5.event_add()

int
event_add(struct event *ev, const struct timeval *tv)
{
	struct event_base *base = ev->ev_base;
	const struct eventop *evsel = base->evsel;
	void *evbase = base->evbase;
	int res = 0;

	event_debug((
		 "event_add: event: %p, %s%s%scall %p",
		 ev,
		 ev->ev_events & EV_READ ? "EV_READ " : " ",
		 ev->ev_events & EV_WRITE ? "EV_WRITE " : " ",
		 tv ? "EV_TIMEOUT " : " ",
		 ev->ev_callback));

	assert(!(ev->ev_flags & ~EVLIST_ALL));

	/*
	 * prepare for timeout insertion further below, if we get a
	 * failure on any step, we should not change any state.
	 */
	if (tv != NULL && !(ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_TIMEOUT)) {
		if (min_heap_reserve(&base->timeheap,
			1 + min_heap_size(&base->timeheap)) == -1)
			return (-1);  /* ENOMEM == errno */
	}

	if ((ev->ev_events & (EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_SIGNAL)) &&
	    !(ev->ev_flags & (EVLIST_INSERTED|EVLIST_ACTIVE))) {
		res = evsel->add(evbase, ev);
		if (res != -1)
			event_queue_insert(base, ev, EVLIST_INSERTED);
	}

	/* 
	 * we should change the timout state only if the previous event
	 * addition succeeded.
	 */
	if (res != -1 && tv != NULL) {
		struct timeval now;

		/* 
		 * we already reserved memory above for the case where we
		 * are not replacing an exisiting timeout.
		 */
		if (ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_TIMEOUT)
			event_queue_remove(base, ev, EVLIST_TIMEOUT);

		/* Check if it is active due to a timeout.  Rescheduling
		 * this timeout before the callback can be executed
		 * removes it from the active list. */
		if ((ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_ACTIVE) &&
		    (ev->ev_res & EV_TIMEOUT)) {
			/* See if we are just active executing this
			 * event in a loop
			 */
			if (ev->ev_ncalls && ev->ev_pncalls) {
				/* Abort loop */
				*ev->ev_pncalls = 0;
			}
			
			event_queue_remove(base, ev, EVLIST_ACTIVE);
		}

		gettime(base, &now);
		evutil_timeradd(&now, tv, &ev->ev_timeout);

		event_debug((
			 "event_add: timeout in %ld seconds, call %p",
			 tv->tv_sec, ev->ev_callback));

		event_queue_insert(base, ev, EVLIST_TIMEOUT);
	}

	return (res);
}

根据时间类型添加到不同的列表中；

1.将event注册到event_base的I/O多路复用要监听的事件链表中

2.将event注册到event_base的已注册事件链表中

3.如果传入了超时时间，则删除旧的超时时间，重新设置，并将event添加到event_base的小根堆中；

如果没有传入超时时间，则不会添加到小根堆中。

函数内添加到I/O多路复用监听事件链表、已注册事件链表、小根堆中都是通过event_queue_insert()完成的，相应的删除工作都是通过event_queue_remove()完成的。

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6.event_base_dispatch()

int
event_base_dispatch(struct event_base *event_base)
{
  return (event_base_loop(event_base, 0));
}

event_base_dispatch什么也没有做，调用了event_base_loop函数;

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7.event_base_loop()

int
event_base_loop(struct event_base *base, int flags)
{
	//IO复用方式
	const struct eventop *evsel = base->evsel;
	void *evbase = base->evbase;
	struct timeval tv;
	struct timeval *tv_p;
	int res, done;

	/* clear time cache */
	base->tv_cache.tv_sec = 0;

	if (base->sig.ev_signal_added)
		evsignal_base = base;
	done = 0;
	while (!done) {
		/* Terminate the loop if we have been asked to */
		if (base->event_gotterm) {
			//设置中止循环
			base->event_gotterm = 0;
			break;
		}

		if (base->event_break) {
			base->event_break = 0;
			break;
		}

		/* You cannot use this interface for multi-threaded apps */
		while (event_gotsig) {
			event_gotsig = 0;
			if (event_sigcb) {
				res = (*event_sigcb)();
				if (res == -1) {
					errno = EINTR;
					return (-1);
				}
			}
		}

		timeout_correct(base, &tv);

		tv_p = &tv;
		
		if (!base->event_count_active && !(flags & EVLOOP_NONBLOCK)) {
			timeout_next(base, &tv_p);
		} else {
			/* 
			 * if we have active events, we just poll new events
			 * without waiting.
			 */
			evutil_timerclear(&tv);
		}
		
		/* If we have no events, we just exit */
		if (!event_haveevents(base)) {
			event_debug(("%s: no events registered.", __func__));
			return (1);
		}

		/* update last old time */
		gettime(base, &base->event_tv);

		/* clear time cache */
		base->tv_cache.tv_sec = 0;

		res = evsel->dispatch(base, evbase, tv_p);

		if (res == -1)
			return (-1);
		gettime(base, &base->tv_cache);

		timeout_process(base);
		//有就绪事件则调用事件注册的回调函数
		if (base->event_count_active) {
			event_process_active(base);
			if (!base->event_count_active && (flags & EVLOOP_ONCE))
				done = 1;
		} else if (flags & EVLOOP_NONBLOCK)
			done = 1;
	}

	/* clear time cache */
	base->tv_cache.tv_sec = 0;

	event_debug(("%s: asked to terminate loop.", __func__));
	return (0);
}

event_base_loop()主要就是循环、检测、分发事件

按照代码流程;

1.信号标记被设置，则调用信号的回调函数

2.根据定时器最小时间，设置I/O多路复用的最大等待时间，这样即使没有I/O事件发生，也能在最小定时器超时时返回。

3.调用I/O多路复用，监听事件，将活跃事件添加到活跃事件链表中

4.检查定时事件，将就绪的定时事件从小根堆中删除，插入到活跃事件链表中

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libevent的核心就event_base_loop()；在这其中检测和分发通过I/O多路复用来完成，比如我们经常使用的poll和epoll，通过epoll.c就可以看到源码；其实原理与我们之前学习到的epoll编程是很类似的，只是多了一部分的处理方式，达到与整合系统互相呼应的效果；

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*libevent内部封装了很多优秀的网络接口，一起一步一步揭开她神秘的面纱~~~~*

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