HttpServletResponse和HttpServletRequest讲解

HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest 对象，代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse；

• 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：找HttpServletRequest
• 如果要给客户端响应一些信息：找HttpServletResponse

1.简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法：

servletOutputstream getOutputstream() throws IOException;
Printwriter getwriter() throws IOException;

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法：

void setCharacterEncoding(String var1)；
void setContentLength(int var1)；
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1)；
void setDateHeader(String varl,long var2)
void addDateHeader(String var1,long var2)
void setHeader(String var1,String var2);
void addHeader(String var1,String var2)；
void setIntHeader(String var1,int var2);
void addIntHeader(String varl,int var2);

响应的状态码:

int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
int SC_OK = 200;
int SC_CREATED = 201;
int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
int SC_FOUND = 302;
int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
int SC_GONE = 410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

2.下载文件

1. 要获取下载文件的路径
2. 下载的文件名是啥？
3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
4. 获取下载文件的输入流
5. 创建缓冲区
6. 获取OutputStream对象
7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到bufer缓冲区
8. 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端！

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    // 1. 要获取下载文件的路径
    String realPath = "F:\\班级管理\\西开【19525】\\2、代码\\JavaWeb\\javaweb-02-servlet\\response\\target\\classes\\秦疆.png";
    System.out.println("下载文件的路径："+realPath);
    // 2. 下载的文件名是啥？
    String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
    // 3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名URLEncoder.encode编码，否则有可能乱码
    resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
    // 4. 获取下载文件的输入流
    FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
    // 5. 创建缓冲区
    int len = 0;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    // 6. 获取OutputStream对象
    ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
    // 7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端！
    while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
        out.write(buffer,0,len);
    }
    
    in.close();
    out.close();
}

3.验证码功能

• 前端实现
• 后端实现，需要用到Java的图片类，生产一个图片

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次;
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
        
        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); //笔
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);

        //告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //网站存在缓存，不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg", resp.getOutputStream());

    }

    //生成随机数
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length() ; i++) {
            sb.append("0");
        }
        num = sb.toString() + num;
        return num;
    }


    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

4.实现重定向

常见场景：

• 用户登录

  void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;
  

测试：

@override
protected void doGet(HttpservletRequest req, HttpservletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    resp. sendRedirect("/r/img");//重定向
    /*
    resp. setHeader("Location","/r/img");
    resp. setstatus (302);
    *
}

面试题：请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别？

相同点

• 页面都会实现跳转；

不同点：

• 请求转发的时候，url不会产生变化；
• 重定向的时候，url地址栏会发生变化；

index.jsp

<html>
    <body>
        <h2>Hello World!</h2>

        <%--这里提交的路径，需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
        <%--${pageContext.request.contextPath}代表当前的项目--%>
        <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
            用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
            密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br>
            <input type="submit">
        </form>
    </body>
</html>

RequestTest.java

public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println(username+":"+password);

        //重定向的时候一定要注意，路径问题，否则报404错误！
        resp.sendRedirect("/r/success.jsp");

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

重定向页面success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>

        <h1>Success</h1>

    </body>
</html>

web.xml配置

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.RequestTest</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

导入的jar包（jsp，servlet）

<dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>4.0.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.3</version>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问服务器, HTTP请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有信息;

request应用：获取前端传递的参数 和 请求转发

只学上面的两个方法（其他两个方法被划掉）

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");

        System.out.println("-------------------");
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbys));
        System.out.println("----------------------");

        //通过请求转发
        //这里的  “/” 代表当前的web应用
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

面试题：请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别？

相同点

• 页面都会实现跳转；

不同点：

• 请求转发的时候，url不会产生变化； 307（状态码）
• 重定向的时候，url地址栏会发生变化； 302（状态码）