Servlet摘要

Servlet是服务端小程序。Servlet Library包括:
  Generic(protocol-independent)servlet classes
    javax.servlet.*
  HTTP servlet classes
    javax.servlet.http.*

当向一个Servlet发出请求时，将会涉及到以下的methods:
  Generic servlets: service() method
  HTTP servlets: doGet(), doPost(), doHead(), doDelete(), doOptions(), doTrace() methods.

Servlet对请求的响应过程
客户端向Servlet提出请求，如果是第一次请求该Servlet，Servlet调用init()方法进行初始化。Servlet调用service()方法，service()方法创建一个进程响应该请求，然后调用doGet(), doPost()等方法。处理完毕后，调用Destroy()方法删除该servlet实例。

HttpServlet类
抽象类，一个HttpServlet的子类必须重写至少以下的一个方法:
doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)     //for HTTP GET requests
doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)    //for HTTP POST requests
doPut(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)     //for HTTP PUT requests
doDelete(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)  //for HTTP DELETE requests
init() and destroy()    //to manage resources that are held for the life of the servlet
getServletInfo()        //which the servlet uses to provide information about itself
以上方法都是通过service自动调用。service(), doOptions(), doTrace()方法都不需要重载