JUC编程
1.什么是JUC
java.util工具包、包、分类
业务:普通的线程代码 Thread
Runnable 没有返回值,效率相比于Callable相对较低
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2.线程和进程
线程和进程
进程:一个程序 qq.exe music.exe
一个进程往往可以包含多个线程,至少包含一个
java默认有两个线程:main GC
线程:开了一个进程Typora,写字,自动保存(线程负责的)
对于java而言:Thread Runnable Callable
java真的可以开启线程吗? 不可以
public synchronized void start() {
/**
* This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
* group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
* to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
*
* A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
*/
if (threadStatus != 0)
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
/* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
* so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
* and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
group.add(this);
boolean started = false;
try {
start0();
started = true;
} finally {
try {
if (!started) {
group.threadStartFailed(this);
}
} catch (Throwable ignore) {
/* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
it will be passed up the call stack */
}
}
}
//本地方法,底层的c++ java无法直接操作硬件
private native void start0();
并行和并发
并发编程:并发,并行
并发(多线程操作同一个资源)
CPU 一核,模拟出来多条线程
并行(多个人一起行走)
CPU多核 多个线程可以同时执行
package com.ys.demo01;
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取CPU的核数
//CPU密集型
System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
}
}
并发编程的本质:充分利用CPU的资源
线程有几个状态
public enum State {
// 新生
NEW,
// 运行
RUNNABLE,
// 阻塞
BLOCKED,
//等待,死等
WAITING,
//
TIMED_WAITING,
//终止
TERMINATED;
}
wait/sleep区别
1.来自不同的类
wait=>Object
sleep=>Thread
2.关于锁的释放
wait,不释放锁 sleep 抱着锁睡觉,不释放锁
3.使用的范围时不同的
wait:必须在同步代码块中
sleep:任何地方
4.是否需要捕获异常
wait :不需要
sleep:必须捕获异常
3.lock锁(重点)
传统synchronized
Lock锁
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公平锁:十分公平,可以先来后到
非公平锁:十分不公平,可以插队(默认)
package com.ys.demo01;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//并发:多个线程操作同一个资源类
Ticket2 ticket = new Ticket2();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 1; i < 40; i++) {
ticket.sale();
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 1; i < 40; i++) {
ticket.sale();
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 1; i < 40; i++) {
ticket.sale();
}
},"C").start();
}
}
/**
* lock 三部曲
* 1. new ReentrantLock()
* 2. lock.lock()加锁
* 3. finally =>lock.unlock()解锁
*/
class Ticket2{
private int number = 30;
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
//卖票的方式
public void sale(){
lock.lock();
try {
//业务代码
if(number>0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"卖出了第"+number--+"张票,剩余:"+number);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
synchronized 和 lock的区别
1.synchronized内置的java关键字,lock是一个类
2.synchronized无法判断获取锁的状态,Lock可以判断是否获得了锁
3.synchronized会自动释放锁,lock需要手动释放锁,如果不释放,会导致死锁
4.synchronized 线程1(获得锁) 线程2(等待) ,lock锁就不一点会等待下去
5.synchronized可重入锁 不可以中断的,非公平 Lock可重入锁,可以中断,非公平(可以自己设置)
6.synchronized适合锁少量的代码同步问题,lock锁适合锁大量的同步代码
锁是什么?如何判断锁的是谁
4.生产者和消费者问题
synchronized版的生产者和消费者问题
package com.ys.demo01;
/**
* 线程之间的通信问题:生产者和消费者的问题 等待唤醒,通知唤醒
* 线程交替执行 A B操作同一个变量 num=0
* A num+1
* B num-1
*
*/
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data = new Data();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"B").start();
}
}
//判断等待 业务 通知
class Data{ //数字 资源类
private int num = 0;
//+1
public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
if (num!=0){
//等待
this.wait();
}
num++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==>"+num);
//通知其他线程 我+1完毕了
this.notifyAll();
}
//-1
public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
if (num==0){
//等待
this.wait();
}
num--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==>"+num);
//通知其他线程 我-1完毕了
this.notifyAll();
}
}
问题:存在 A B C D 四个线程
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if 改为while循环就可以
package com.ys.demo01;
/**
* 线程之间的通信问题:生产者和消费者的问题 等待唤醒,通知唤醒
* 线程交替执行 A B操作同一个变量 num=0
* A num+1
* B num-1
*
*/
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data = new Data();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"C").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"D").start();
}
}
//判断等待 业务 通知
class Data{ //数字 资源类
private int num = 0;
//+1
public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
while (num!=0){
//等待
this.wait();
}
num++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==>"+num);
//通知其他线程 我+1完毕了
this.notifyAll();
}
//-1
public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
while (num==0){ //防止虚假唤醒
//等待
this.wait();
}
num--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==>"+num);
//通知其他线程 我-1完毕了
this.notifyAll();
}
}
JUC版的生产者和消费者
代码实现
package com.ys.demo01;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Test04{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data2 data = new Data2();
new Thread(()->{
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(()->{
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
},"C").start();
new Thread(()->{
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
},"D").start();
}
}
//判断等待 业务 通知
class Data2 { //数字 资源类
private int num = 0;
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
//+1
public void increment() throws InterruptedException {
lock.lock();
try {
while (num != 0) {
//等待
condition.await();
}
num++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + num);
//通知其他线程 我+1完毕了
condition.signalAll();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
//-1
public void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
lock.lock();
try {
while (num == 0) {
//等待
condition.await();
}
num--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + num);
//通知其他线程 我-1完毕了
condition.signalAll();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
Condition 精准的通知和唤醒线程
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代码实现
package com.ys.demo01;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Test05 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data3 data3 = new Data3();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
data3.print1();
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
data3.print2();
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
data3.print3();
}
},"C").start();
}
}
class Data3{
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
private int num = 1;
public void print1(){
lock.lock();
try {
while(num!=1){
condition1.await();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->AAAAA");
num = 2;
condition2.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print2(){
lock.lock();
try {
while(num!=2){
condition2.await();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->BBBBB");
num = 3;
condition3.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print3(){
lock.lock();
try {
while(num!=3){
condition3.await();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->CCCCC");
num = 1;
condition1.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
5.8锁现象
锁是什么?如何判断锁的是谁
锁只能锁
1.new出来的
2.Class里的
代码实现
package com.ys.demo02;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 8锁就是关于锁的八个问题
* 1.标准情况下,两个线程先打印打短信还是打电话 1.发短信 2打电话
* 2.send方法延迟4秒下,两个线程先打印打短信还是打电话 1.发短信 2打电话
*/
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Phone phone = new Phone();
new Thread(()->{
phone.send();
},"A").start();
//捕获
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(()->{
phone.call();
},"B").start();
}
}
class Phone{
//synchronized 锁的对象是方法的调用者! 两个方法用的是同一个锁 谁先拿到谁执行
public synchronized void send(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("发短信");
}
public synchronized void call(){
System.out.println("打电话");
}
}
package com.ys.demo02;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 3.增加了一个普通方法hello 先输出 hello 再输出发短信
* 4.两个对象。两个同步方法 先输出 打电话 再输出发短信
*/
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Phone2 phone1 = new Phone2();
Phone2 phone2 = new Phone2();
new Thread(()->{
phone1.send();
},"A").start();
//捕获
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(()->{
phone2.call();
},"B").start();
}
}
class Phone2{
//synchronized 锁的对象是方法的调用者! 两个方法用的是同一个锁 谁先拿到谁执行
public synchronized void send(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("发短信");
}
public synchronized void call(){
System.out.println("打电话");
}
//普通方法不受锁的限制
public void hello(){
System.out.println("hello");
}
}
package com.ys.demo02;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 5.增加两个静态的同步方法,只有一个对象 先打印发短信 再打印打电话
* 6.两个对象!增加两个静态的同步方法,先打印发短信 再打印打电话
*/
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//加了static之后 两个对象的Class类模板只有一个,static锁的是Class
Phone3 phone = new Phone3();
Phone3 phone3 = new Phone3();
new Thread(()->{
phone.send();
},"A").start();
//捕获
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(()->{
phone3.call();
},"B").start();
}
}
class Phone3{
//synchronized 锁的对象是方法的调用者! 两个方法用的是同一个锁 谁先拿到谁执行
//static 静态方法,类一加载就执行,锁的是Class
public static synchronized void send(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("发短信");
}
public static synchronized void call(){
System.out.println("打电话");
}
}
package com.ys.demo02;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 7. 一个静态同步方法,一个普通同步方法 一个对象 先打印打电话,再打印发短信
* 8. 一个静态同步方法,一个普通同步方法 两个对象 先打印打电话,再打印发短信
*/
public class Test04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//加了static之后 两个对象的Class类模板只有一个,static锁的是Class
Phone4 phone = new Phone4();
Phone4 phone4 = new Phone4();
new Thread(()->{
phone.send();
},"A").start();
//捕获
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(()->{
phone4.call();
},"B").start();
}
}
class Phone4{
//锁的是Class
public static synchronized void send(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("发短信");
}
public synchronized void call(){
System.out.println("打电话");
}
}
小结
new this 具体的一个手机
static Class唯一的一个模板
6.集合类不安全
List不安全
package com.ys.demo03;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
// ConcurrentModificationException 并发修改异常!
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//并发下 ArrayList不安全
/**
* 解决方案
* 1.List<String> list = new Vector<>();
* 2.List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
* 3.List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
*/
//CopyOnWrite 写入时复制 COW 计算机设计领域的一种优化策略
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5));
System.out.println(list);
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
}
Set不安全
package com.ys.demo03;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;
/**
* 同理可证 :ConcurrentModificationException
* 1.Set<String> set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
* 2.Set<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();
*/
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
//Set<String> set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
Set<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 30 ; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
set.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5));
System.out.println(set);
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
}
Map不安全
package com.ys.demo03;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
//ConcurrentModificationException
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
Map<String,String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
for (int i = 1; i < 30; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
map.put(Thread.currentThread().getName(), UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5));
System.out.println(map);
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
}
7.Callable
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1.可以有返回值
2.可以抛出异常
3.方法不同
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代码测试
package com.ys.demo04;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//new Thread(new Runnable()).start();
//new Thread(new FutureTask<V>()).start();
//new Thread(new FutureTask<V>(Callable)).start();
MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask(myThread); //适配类
new Thread(futureTask,"A").start();
Integer o = (Integer) futureTask.get();
System.out.println(o);
}
}
class MyThread implements Callable<Integer>{
@Override
public Integer call() {
System.out.println("call()");
return 1024;
}
}
细节:有缓存,结果可能需要等待,有阻塞
8.常用的辅助类
8.1、CountDownLatch
减法计数器
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package com.ys.demo05;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//总数是6
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(6);
for(int i = 1; i <= 6; i++){
new Thread(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" Go out!");
countDownLatch.countDown(); //-1
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
countDownLatch.await();
System.out.println("Close Door");
}
}
原理:
1.countDownLatch.countDown(); //数量减一`
2.countDownLatch.await(); //等待计数器归零,然后向下执行
每次有线程调用countDown()数量减一
8.2、CyclicBarrier
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加法计数器
package com.ys.demo05;
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(7,()->{
System.out.println("召唤神龙成功");
});
for (int i = 1; i <=7 ; i++) {
final int temp = i;
new Thread(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"收集"+temp+"龙珠");
try {
cyclicBarrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}).start();
}
}
}
8.3、Semaphore
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package com.ys.demo05;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);
for (int i = 1; i <=6 ; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
//acquire 得到
try {
semaphore.acquire();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"抢到车位");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"离开车位");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
semaphore.release();
}
//release 释放
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
}
原理:
semaphore.acquire(); //获得,假设如果已经满了,等待,等待被释放为止
semaphore.release(); //释放,会将当前信号量释放+1,然后唤醒等待的线程
作用:多个共享资源互斥的使用!并发限流,控制最大的线程数!
9.读写锁
ReadWriteLock
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package com.ys.demo05;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
/**
* 独占锁(写锁) 一次只能被一个线程占有
* 共享锁(读锁) 多个线程可以同时占有
* ReadWriteLock
* 读-读 可以共存
* 读-写 不能共存
* 写-写 不能共存
*/
public class Test04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyCacheLock myCache = new MyCacheLock();
//写入
for (int i = 1; i <=5 ; i++) {
final int temp = i;
new Thread(()->{
myCache.put(temp+"",temp+"");
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
//读取
for (int i = 1; i <=5 ; i++) {
final int temp = i;
new Thread(()->{
myCache.get(temp+"");
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
}
//加锁的
class MyCacheLock{
private volatile Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
//读写锁:更下细粒度的控制
private ReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
//存,写入的时候,只希望同时有一个线程写
public void put(String key, Object value){
readWriteLock.writeLock().lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"写入"+key);
map.put(key,value);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"写入ok");
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
//取,读
public void get(String key){
readWriteLock.readLock().lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"读取"+key);
Object o = map.get(key);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"读取ok");
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
readWriteLock.readLock().unlock();
}
}
}
/**
* 自定义缓存
*/
class MyCache{
private volatile Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
//存,写
public void put(String key, Object value){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"写入"+key);
map.put(key,value);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"写入ok");
}
//取,读
public void get(String key){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"读取"+key);
Object o = map.get(key);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"读取ok");
}
}
10.阻塞队列
阻塞队列:
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BlockingQueue
什么情况下能用到阻塞队列:多线程并发处理,线程池
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学会使用队列:添加,移除
四组API:
方式 | 抛出异常 | 有返回值,不抛出异常 | 阻塞 等待 | 超时等待 |
---|---|---|---|---|
添加 | add | offer | put | offer(…) 三个参数 |
移除 | remove | poll | take | poll(…) 两个参数 |
检测队首元素 | element | pick |
/**
* 抛出异常
*/
public static void test1(){
//队列的大小
ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("A"));
System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("B"));
System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("C"));
//IllegalStateException 队列已满
//System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("D"));
System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
//java.util.NoSuchElementException 异常
//System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
}
/**
* 有返回值,没有异常
*/
public static void test2(){
ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("A"));
System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("B"));
System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("C"));
System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("D")); //返回 false 不抛出异常
System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); // 返回 null 不抛出异常
}
/**
* 等待 阻塞(一直阻塞)
*/
public static void test3() throws InterruptedException {
ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
blockingQueue.put("A");
blockingQueue.put("B");
blockingQueue.put("C");
//blockingQueue.put("D"); //队列没有位置了 一直阻塞
System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
//System.out.println(blockingQueue.take()); //没有这个元素,一直阻塞
}
/**
* 等待 阻塞(一直阻塞)
*/
public static void test4() throws InterruptedException {
ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
blockingQueue.offer("A");
blockingQueue.offer("B");
blockingQueue.offer("C");
blockingQueue.offer("D",2, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //等待 超过两秒就退出
System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll(2,TimeUnit.SECONDS)); //等待超过两秒就退出
}
SynchronousQueue
package com.ys.demo06;
import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 同步队列
* 和其他的BlockingQueue不一样,SynchronousQueue不存储元素
* put了一个元素,必须从里面先take出来,否则不能再put进去值!
*/
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynchronousQueue synchronousQueue = new SynchronousQueue();
new Thread(()->{
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" put 1");
synchronousQueue.put("A");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" put 1");
synchronousQueue.put("B");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" put 1");
synchronousQueue.put("C");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
},"T1").start();
new Thread(()->{
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+synchronousQueue.take());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+synchronousQueue.take());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+synchronousQueue.take());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
},"T2").start();
}
}
11.线程池
线程池:三大方法,7大参数,4种拒绝策略
池化技术
程序的运行,本质:占用系统的资源!优化资源的使用!=>池化技术
线程池,连接池,内存池,对象池
池化技术:事先准备好一些资源,有人要用,就来我这里拿,用完之后还给我
线程池的好处
1、降低资源的消耗
2、提高响应的速度
3、方便管理
线程复用,可以控制最大并发数,管理线程
线程池三大方法
package com.ys.demo07;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* Executors 三大方法
*
*/
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); // 单个线程
// ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); // 创建一个固定的线程池的大小
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); // 可伸缩的 遇强则强 遇弱则弱
//使用了线程池之后,使用线程池创建线程
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
threadPool.execute(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" OK");
});
}
// 线程池用完,程序结束,关闭线程池
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
threadPool.execute(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" OK");
});
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
threadPool.shutdown();
}
}
}
7大参数
源码分析
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
// 本质:ThreadPoolExecutor()
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, //核心线程池大小
int maximumPoolSize, //最大核心线程池大小
long keepAliveTime, //超时了没人调用就会释放
TimeUnit unit, //超时单位
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, //阻塞队列
ThreadFactory threadFactory, //线程工厂 创建线程的 一般不用动
RejectedExecutionHandler handler // 拒绝策略
) {
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.acc = System.getSecurityManager() == null ?
null :
AccessController.getContext();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}
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手动创建线程池
package com.ys.demo07;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
/**
* new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy() // 银行满了 还有人进来 不处理这个人的 抛出异常 RejectedExecutionException
* new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy() // 哪来的去哪里
* new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy() // 队列满了,丢掉任务,不会抛出异常
* new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy() //队列满了 尝试去和最早的竞争 也不会抛出异常
**/
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//自定义线程池
ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
2,
5,
3,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(3),
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),
new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy() //队列满了 尝试去和最早的竞争 也不会抛出异常
);
try {
// 最大承载 Deque+max
// 超过抛出异常 RejectedExecutionException
for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++) {
threadPool.execute(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" OK");
});
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
threadPool.shutdown();
}
}
}
四种拒绝策略
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/**
* new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy() // 银行满了 还有人进来 不处理这个人的 抛出异常RejectedExecutionException
* new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy() // 哪来的去哪里
* new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy() // 队列满了,丢掉任务,不会抛出异常
* new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy() //队列满了 尝试去和最早的竞争 也不会抛出异常
**/
小结
了解:IO密集型 CPU密集型(调优)
12.四大函数式接口
函数式接口:只有一个方法的接口
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Runnable {
public abstract void run();
}
// 超级多FunctionalInterface
// 简化编程模型,在新版本的框架底层大量应用
// foreach(消费者类式的函数式接口)
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代码测试:
Function函数式接口
package com.ys.demo08;
import java.util.function.Function;
/**
* Function 函数型接口 有一个输入参数 一个输出
* 只要是函数型接口 ,就可以用lambda表达式
*/
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Function function = new Function<String,String>() {
@Override
public String apply(String str) {
return str;
}
};
System.out.println(function.apply("123"));
}
}
Predicate断定型接口
package com.ys.demo08;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
/**
* 断定型接口 有一个输入参数 返回值只能是布尔值
*/
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Predicate<String> predicate = new Predicate<String>() {
@Override
public boolean test(String s) {
return s.isEmpty();
}
};
System.out.println(predicate.test(""));
}
}
Consumer消费型接口
package com.ys.demo08;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
/**
* Consumer 消费型接口:只有输入没有返回值
*/
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Consumer<String> consumer = new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String s) {
System.out.println(s);
}
};
consumer.accept("123");
}
}
Supplier供给型接口
package com.ys.demo08;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
/**
* Supplier 没有参数 只有返回值
*/
public class Test04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*Supplier<String> supplier = new Supplier<String>() {
@Override
public String get() {
return "123";
}
};*/
Supplier<Integer> supplier = ()->{return 1024;};
System.out.println(supplier.get());
}
}
13.Stream流式编程
Stream流式编程
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package com.ys.demo09;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
/**
* 题目要求:
* 现在又五个用户,筛选:
* 1.ID必须是偶数
* 2.年龄必须大于23岁
* 3.用户名转换为大写
* 4.用户名称倒着排序
* 5.只输出一个用户
*/
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
User user1 = new User(1,"a",21);
User user2 = new User(2,"b",22);
User user3 = new User(3,"c",23);
User user4 = new User(4,"d",24);
User user5 = new User(6,"e",25);
List<User> users = Arrays.asList(user1,user2,user3,user4,user5);
//Stream流计算
//链式编程
users.stream()
.filter(u->{return u.getId()%2==0;})
.filter(u->{return u.getAge()>23;})
.map(u->{return u.getName().toUpperCase();})
.sorted((u1,u2)->{return u2.compareTo(u1);})
.limit(1)
.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
14.ForkJoin
ForkJoin 把大任务拆分成小任务
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ForkJoin特点:工作窃取
这个里面维护的都是双端队列
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ForkJoin
package com.ys.forkjoin;
import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;
/**
* 求和计算的任务
* 如何使用forkjoin
* 1.forkjoinPoll 通过它来执行
* 2.计算任务 forkjoinPoll.execute(ForkJoinTask task)
* 3.计算类要继承ForkJoinTask
*/
public class ForkJoinTest extends RecursiveTask<Long> {
private Long start;
private Long end;
//临界值
private Long temp = 10000L;
public ForkJoinTest(Long start, Long end) {
this.start = start;
this.end = end;
}
//计算方法
@Override
protected Long compute() {
if((end-start)<temp){
Long sum = 0L;
for (Long i = start; i <= end; i++) {
sum+=i;
}
return sum;
}else{
long middle = (start + end) / 2; //中间值
ForkJoinTest task1 = new ForkJoinTest(start,middle);
task1.fork(); //拆分任务 ,把任务压入线程队列
ForkJoinTest task2 = new ForkJoinTest(middle,end);
task2.fork(); //拆分任务 ,把任务压入线程队列
return task1.join() + task2.join();
}
}
}
代码测试
package com.ys.forkjoin;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask;
import java.util.stream.LongStream;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
// test1(); //290
test2(); //7875
// test3(); //233
}
public static void test1() {
long sum = 0L;
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (long i = 1L; i <=10_0000_0000L ; i++) {
sum+=i;
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("sum=" + sum + "时间:" + (end - start));
}
//使用forkJoin
public static void test2() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool();
ForkJoinTask<Long> task = new ForkJoinTest(0L, 10_0000_0000L);
ForkJoinTask<Long> submit = forkJoinPool.submit(task);
Long sum = submit.get();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("sum=" + sum + "时间:" + (end - start));
}
public static void test3() {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
//Stream并行流
long sum = LongStream .rangeClosed(0L,10_0000_0000L).parallel().reduce(0,Long::sum);
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("sum=" + sum + "时间:" + (end - start));
}
}
15.异步回调
Future设计的初衷:对将来的某个时间的结果进行建模
package com.ys.demo10;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
// 没有返回值的 runAsync异步回调
/*CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.runAsync(()->{
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>Void");
});
System.out.println("1111");
completableFuture.get();*/
//有返回值的supplyAsync异步回调
CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>Integer");
int i = 10/0;
return 1024;
});
System.out.println(completableFuture.whenComplete((t, u) -> {
System.out.println("t=>" + t); //正常的返回结果
System.out.println("u=>" + u); //错误信息java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
}).exceptionally((e) -> {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
return 233;
}).get());
}
}
16.JMM
请你谈谈对Volatile的理解
Volatile是java虚拟机提供轻量级的同步机制
1.保证可见性
2.不保证原子性
3.禁止指令重排
什么是JMM
JMM :java内存模型 不存在的东西! 概念 约定
关于JMM的一些同步约定
1.线程解锁前,必须把共享变量立刻刷回主存
2.线程加锁前,必须读取主存中的最新值到工作内存中
3.加锁和解锁是同一把锁
线程 工作内存 、主内存
8种操作
内存交互操作有8种,虚拟机实现必须保证每一个操作都是原子的,不可在分的(对于double和long类型的变量来说,load、store、read和write操作在某些平台上允许例外)
-
lock (锁定):作用于主内存的变量,把一个变量标识为线程独占状态
-
unlock (解锁):作用于主内存的变量,它把一个处于锁定状态的变量释放出来,释放后的变量才可以被其他线程锁定
-
read (读取):作用于主内存变量,它把一个变量的值从主内存传输到线程的工作内存中,以便随后的load动作使用
-
load (载入):作用于工作内存的变量,它把read操作从主存中变量放入工作内存中
-
use (使用):作用于工作内存中的变量,它把工作内存中的变量传输给执行引擎,每当虚拟机遇到一个需要使用到变量的值,就会使用到这个指令
-
assign (赋值):作用于工作内存中的变量,它把一个从执行引擎中接受到的值放入工作内存的变量副本中
-
store (存储):作用于主内存中的变量,它把一个从工作内存中一个变量的值传送到主内存中,以便后续的write使用
-
write (写入):作用于主内存中的变量,它把store操作从工作内存中得到的变量的值放入主内存的变量中
JMM对这八种指令的使用,制定了如下规则:
- 不允许read和load、store和write操作之一单独出现。即使用了read必须load,使用了store必须write
- 不允许线程丢弃他最近的assign操作,即工作变量的数据改变了之后,必须告知主存
- 不允许一个线程将没有assign的数据从工作内存同步回主内存
- 一个新的变量必须在主内存中诞生,不允许工作内存直接使用一个未被初始化的变量。就是怼变量实施use、store操作之前,必须经过assign和load操作
- 一个变量同一时间只有一个线程能对其进行lock。多次lock后,必须执行相同次数的unlock才能解锁
- 如果对一个变量进行lock操作,会清空所有工作内存中此变量的值,在执行引擎使用这个变量前,必须重新load或assign操作初始化变量的值
- 如果一个变量没有被lock,就不能对其进行unlock操作。也不能unlock一个被其他线程锁住的变量
- 对一个变量进行unlock操作之前,必须把此变量同步回主内存
问题:程序不知道主内存的值已经被修改过了
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17.Volatile
1.保证可见性
package com.ys.demo11;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Test01 {
// 不加 volatile程序会死循环
private volatile static int num = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(()->{ //线程1对主内存的变化是不知道的
while (num==0){
}
}).start();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
num = 1;
System.out.println(num);
}
}
不保证原子性
原子性:不可分割
package com.ys.demo11;
//不保证原子性
public class Test02 {
//volatile 不保证原子性
private volatile static int num = 0;
public static void add(){
num++;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 理论上num的值应该为20000
for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
add();
}
}).start();
}
while (Thread.activeCount()>2){
Thread.yield();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+num);
}
}
如果不加lock和synchronized,怎么样保证原子性
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使用原子类,解决原子性问题
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原子类为什么这么高级
package com.ys.demo11;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
//不保证原子性
public class Test02 {
//volatile 不保证原子性
//private volatile static int num = 0;
//原子类的Integer
private volatile static AtomicInteger num = new AtomicInteger();
public static void add(){
//num++; //不是原子性操作
num.getAndIncrement(); //AtomicInteger + 1 方法 CAS
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 理论上num的值应该为20000
for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
add();
}
}).start();
}
while (Thread.activeCount()>2){
Thread.yield();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+num);
}
}
指令重排
什么是指令重排:你写的程序,计算机并不是按照你写的那样去执行的
源代码 --> 编译器优化后的重排 -->指令并行也可能会重排 -->内存系统也会重排 -->执行
处理器在进行指令重排的时候,考虑:数据之间的依赖性!
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18.单例模式(未完成 之后自己再找资料看)
饿汉式单例
package com.ys.single;
/**
* 饿汉式单例
*/
public class Hungry {
//可能会浪费空间
private byte[] data1 = new byte[1024*1024];
private byte[] data2 = new byte[1024*1024];
private byte[] data3 = new byte[1024*1024];
private byte[] data4 = new byte[1024*1024];
private byte[] data5 = new byte[1024*1024];
private Hungry(){
}
private final static Hungry HUNGRY = new Hungry();
public static Hungry getInstance(){
return HUNGRY;
}
}
DCL懒汉式单例
package com.ys.single;
/**
* 懒汉式单例
*/
public class LazyMan {
private LazyMan() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " OK");
}
private static LazyMan lazyMan;
//双重检测锁模式的懒汉式单例 简称DCL懒汉式
public static LazyMan getInstance() {
if (lazyMan == null) {
synchronized (LazyMan.class) {
if (lazyMan == null) {
lazyMan = new LazyMan(); //不是一个原子性操作
/**
* 1.分配内存空间
* 2.执行构造方法,初始化对象
* 3.把这个对象指向这个空间
*/
}
}
}
return lazyMan;
}
//多线程并发
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
new Thread(() -> {
LazyMan.getInstance();
}).start();
}
}
}
静态内部类
单例模式都不安全
出现了枚举
19.深入理解CAS
什么是CAS
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CAS:比较当前工作内存中的值和主内存中的值,如果这个值是期望的,那么则执行此操作!如果不是就一直循环!
缺点:
1、循环会耗时
2、一次性只能保证一个共享变量的原子性
3、ABA问题
CAS : ABA问题(狸猫换太子)
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package com.ys.cas;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
public class CASDemo {
//CAS compareAndSet : 比较和交换
public static void main(String[] args) {
AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(2020);
/**
* 期望 更新
* public final boolean compareAndSet(int expect, int update)
* 如果期望的值达到了就更新 否则就不更新 CAS是CPU的并发原语!
*/
//===========捣乱的线程===========
System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020, 2021));
System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());
System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2021, 2020));
System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());
//===========期望的线程===========
System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020, 6666));
System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());
}
}
20.原子引用
解决ABA问题 引入原子引用!对应的思想:乐观锁
带版本号的原子操作
package com.ys.cas;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicStampedReference;
public class CASDemo {
// AtomicStampedReference 注意 如果泛型是一个包装类 ,注意对象的引用问题
//CAS compareAndSet : 比较和交换
public static void main(String[] args) {
//AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(2020);
AtomicStampedReference<Integer> atomicStampedReference = new AtomicStampedReference<>(123,1);
new Thread(()->{
int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp(); //获得版本号
System.out.println("a1=>"+stamp);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(123, 124,
atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1));
System.out.println("a2=>"+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(124, 123,
atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1));
System.out.println("a3=>"+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp(); //获得版本号
System.out.println("b1=>"+stamp);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(123, 66,
stamp, stamp + 1));
System.out.println("b2=>"+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
},"B").start();
}
}
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21.各种锁的理解
1.公平锁,非公平锁
公平锁:非常公平,不能够插队,必须先来后到 !
非公平锁:非常不公平,可以插队
public ReentrantLock() {
sync = new NonfairSync();
}
//默认都是非公平锁
public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
}
2.可重入锁
可重入锁(递归锁)
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synchronized版
package com.ys.demo12; public class Test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { Phone phone = new Phone(); new Thread(()->{ phone.sms(); },"A").start(); new Thread(()->{ phone.sms(); },"B").start(); } } class Phone{ public synchronized void sms(){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" sms"); call(); //这里也有一把锁 } public synchronized void call(){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" call"); } }
lock版
package com.ys.demo12;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Phone2 phone = new Phone2();
new Thread(()->{
phone.sms();
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
phone.sms();
},"B").start();
}
}
class Phone2{
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void sms(){
lock.lock(); //细节问题lock.lock();lock.unlock();
//lock锁必须配对,否则就会死在里面
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" sms");
call(); //这里也有一把锁
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void call(){lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" call");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
3.自旋锁
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不断的尝试,直到成功为止
我们来自定义一个锁来测试
package com.ys.demo12;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
/**
* 自旋锁
*/
public class Test03 {
AtomicReference<Thread> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>();
//加锁
public void myLock(){
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==> myLock");
while (!atomicReference.compareAndSet(null,thread)){
}
}
//解锁
public void myUnLock(){
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==> myUnLock");
atomicReference.compareAndSet(thread,null);
}
}
代码测试
package com.ys.demo12;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
/*ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();
reentrantLock.lock();
reentrantLock.unlock();*/
Test03 lock = new Test03();
new Thread(()->{
lock.myLock();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.myUnLock();
}
},"T1").start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
new Thread(()->{
lock.myLock();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.myUnLock();
}
},"T2").start();
lock.myLock();
lock.myUnLock();
}
}
4.死锁
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死锁测试,怎么排除死锁
package com.ys.demo12;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String lockA = "a";
String lockB = "b";
new Thread(new MyThread(lockA,lockB),"T1").start();
new Thread(new MyThread(lockB,lockA),"T2").start();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
private String lockA;
private String lockB;
public MyThread(String lockA, String lockB) {
this.lockA = lockA;
this.lockB = lockB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (lockA){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" lock:"+lockA+"=>get "+lockB);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (lockB){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" lock:"+lockB+"=>get "+lockA);
}
}
}
}
解决问题
1.使用 jps -l 定位进程号
2.使用 jstack 进程号 查看进行信息