JUC并发编程

JUC编程

1.什么是JUC

java.util工具包、包、分类

业务:普通的线程代码 Thread

Runnable 没有返回值,效率相比于Callable相对较低

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2.线程和进程

线程和进程

进程:一个程序 qq.exe music.exe

一个进程往往可以包含多个线程,至少包含一个

java默认有两个线程:main GC

线程:开了一个进程Typora,写字,自动保存(线程负责的)

对于java而言:Thread Runnable Callable

java真的可以开启线程吗? 不可以

public synchronized void start() {
    /**
     * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
     * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
     * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
     *
     * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
     */
    if (threadStatus != 0)
        throw new IllegalThreadStateException();

    /* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
     * so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
     * and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
    group.add(this);

    boolean started = false;
    try {
        start0();
        started = true;
    } finally {
        try {
            if (!started) {
                group.threadStartFailed(this);
            }
        } catch (Throwable ignore) {
            /* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
              it will be passed up the call stack */
        }
    }
}
//本地方法,底层的c++ java无法直接操作硬件
private native void start0();

并行和并发

并发编程:并发,并行

并发(多线程操作同一个资源)

CPU 一核,模拟出来多条线程

并行(多个人一起行走)

CPU多核 多个线程可以同时执行

package com.ys.demo01;

public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //获取CPU的核数
        //CPU密集型
        System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());

    }
}

并发编程的本质:充分利用CPU的资源

线程有几个状态

public enum State {
    // 新生
    NEW,

    // 运行
    RUNNABLE,

    // 阻塞
    BLOCKED,

    //等待,死等
    WAITING,

    //
    TIMED_WAITING,

    //终止
    TERMINATED;
}

wait/sleep区别

1.来自不同的类

wait=>Object

sleep=>Thread

2.关于锁的释放

wait,不释放锁 sleep 抱着锁睡觉,不释放锁

3.使用的范围时不同的

wait:必须在同步代码块中

sleep:任何地方

4.是否需要捕获异常

wait :不需要

sleep:必须捕获异常

3.lock锁(重点)

传统synchronized

Lock锁

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公平锁:十分公平,可以先来后到

非公平锁:十分不公平,可以插队(默认)

package com.ys.demo01;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //并发:多个线程操作同一个资源类
        Ticket2 ticket = new Ticket2();

        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 1; i < 40; i++) {
                ticket.sale();
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 1; i < 40; i++) {
                ticket.sale();
            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 1; i < 40; i++) {
                ticket.sale();
            }
        },"C").start();

    }
}

/**
 * lock 三部曲
 * 1. new ReentrantLock()
 * 2. lock.lock()加锁
 * 3. finally =>lock.unlock()解锁
 */
class Ticket2{
    private int number = 30;

    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    //卖票的方式
    public  void sale(){

        lock.lock();

        try {
            //业务代码
            if(number>0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"卖出了第"+number--+"张票,剩余:"+number);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }


}

synchronized 和 lock的区别

1.synchronized内置的java关键字,lock是一个类

2.synchronized无法判断获取锁的状态,Lock可以判断是否获得了锁

3.synchronized会自动释放锁,lock需要手动释放锁,如果不释放,会导致死锁

4.synchronized 线程1(获得锁) 线程2(等待) ,lock锁就不一点会等待下去

5.synchronized可重入锁 不可以中断的,非公平 Lock可重入锁,可以中断,非公平(可以自己设置)

6.synchronized适合锁少量的代码同步问题,lock锁适合锁大量的同步代码

锁是什么?如何判断锁的是谁

4.生产者和消费者问题

synchronized版的生产者和消费者问题

package com.ys.demo01;

/**
 * 线程之间的通信问题:生产者和消费者的问题 等待唤醒,通知唤醒
 * 线程交替执行 A B操作同一个变量 num=0
 * A num+1
 * B num-1
 *
 */
public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Data data = new Data();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"A").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"B").start();
    }
}


//判断等待  业务  通知
class Data{  //数字  资源类

    private  int num = 0;

    //+1
    public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        if (num!=0){
            //等待
            this.wait();
        }
        num++;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==>"+num);
        //通知其他线程 我+1完毕了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //-1
    public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        if (num==0){
            //等待
            this.wait();
        }
        num--;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==>"+num);
        //通知其他线程 我-1完毕了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

}

问题:存在 A B C D 四个线程

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if 改为while循环就可以

package com.ys.demo01;

/**
 * 线程之间的通信问题:生产者和消费者的问题 等待唤醒,通知唤醒
 * 线程交替执行 A B操作同一个变量 num=0
 * A num+1
 * B num-1
 *
 */
public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Data data = new Data();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"A").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"B").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"C").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"D").start();
    }
}


//判断等待  业务  通知
class Data{  //数字  资源类

    private  int num = 0;

    //+1
    public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        while (num!=0){
            //等待
            this.wait();
        }
        num++;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==>"+num);
        //通知其他线程 我+1完毕了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //-1
    public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        while (num==0){  //防止虚假唤醒
            //等待
            this.wait();
        }
        num--;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==>"+num);
        //通知其他线程 我-1完毕了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

}

JUC版的生产者和消费者

代码实现

package com.ys.demo01;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Test04{
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Data2 data = new Data2();

        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                data.increment();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                data.decrement();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                data.increment();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        },"C").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                data.decrement();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        },"D").start();
    }
}

//判断等待  业务  通知
class Data2 {  //数字  资源类

    private int num = 0;

    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    //+1
    public void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (num != 0) {
                //等待
                condition.await();
            }
            num++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + num);
            //通知其他线程 我+1完毕了
            condition.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    //-1
    public void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (num == 0) {
                //等待
                condition.await();
            }
            num--;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + num);
            //通知其他线程 我-1完毕了
            condition.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }
}

Condition 精准的通知和唤醒线程

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代码实现

package com.ys.demo01;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Test05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Data3 data3 = new Data3();

        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data3.print1();
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data3.print2();
            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data3.print3();
            }
        },"C").start();
    }
}

class Data3{

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();

    private int num = 1;

    public void print1(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while(num!=1){
                condition1.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->AAAAA");
            num = 2;
            condition2.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }

    public void print2(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while(num!=2){
                condition2.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->BBBBB");
            num = 3;
            condition3.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void print3(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while(num!=3){
                condition3.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->CCCCC");
            num = 1;
            condition1.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

5.8锁现象

锁是什么?如何判断锁的是谁

锁只能锁

1.new出来的

2.Class里的

代码实现

package com.ys.demo02;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 *   8锁就是关于锁的八个问题
 * 1.标准情况下,两个线程先打印打短信还是打电话  1.发短信  2打电话
 * 2.send方法延迟4秒下,两个线程先打印打短信还是打电话  1.发短信  2打电话
 */
public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Phone phone = new Phone();

        new Thread(()->{
            phone.send();
        },"A").start();

        //捕获
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        new Thread(()->{
            phone.call();
        },"B").start();

    }
}

class Phone{

    //synchronized  锁的对象是方法的调用者! 两个方法用的是同一个锁 谁先拿到谁执行

    public synchronized void send(){
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("发短信");
    }

    public synchronized void call(){
        System.out.println("打电话");
    }

}
package com.ys.demo02;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 3.增加了一个普通方法hello   先输出 hello 再输出发短信
 * 4.两个对象。两个同步方法   先输出 打电话 再输出发短信
 */
public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Phone2 phone1 = new Phone2();
        Phone2 phone2 = new Phone2();

        new Thread(()->{
            phone1.send();
        },"A").start();

        //捕获
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        new Thread(()->{
            phone2.call();
        },"B").start();

    }
}

class Phone2{

    //synchronized  锁的对象是方法的调用者! 两个方法用的是同一个锁 谁先拿到谁执行
    public synchronized void send(){
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("发短信");
    }

    public synchronized void call(){
        System.out.println("打电话");
    }

    //普通方法不受锁的限制
    public void hello(){
        System.out.println("hello");
    }

}
package com.ys.demo02;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 5.增加两个静态的同步方法,只有一个对象  先打印发短信  再打印打电话
 * 6.两个对象!增加两个静态的同步方法,先打印发短信  再打印打电话
 */
public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //加了static之后  两个对象的Class类模板只有一个,static锁的是Class
        Phone3 phone = new Phone3();
        Phone3 phone3 = new Phone3();

        new Thread(()->{
            phone.send();
        },"A").start();

        //捕获
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        new Thread(()->{
            phone3.call();
        },"B").start();

    }
}

class Phone3{

    //synchronized  锁的对象是方法的调用者! 两个方法用的是同一个锁 谁先拿到谁执行
    //static 静态方法,类一加载就执行,锁的是Class
    public static synchronized void send(){
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("发短信");
    }

    public static synchronized void call(){
        System.out.println("打电话");
    }


}
package com.ys.demo02;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 7. 一个静态同步方法,一个普通同步方法 一个对象 先打印打电话,再打印发短信
 * 8. 一个静态同步方法,一个普通同步方法 两个对象 先打印打电话,再打印发短信
 */
public class Test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //加了static之后  两个对象的Class类模板只有一个,static锁的是Class
        Phone4 phone = new Phone4();
        Phone4 phone4 = new Phone4();

        new Thread(()->{
            phone.send();
        },"A").start();

        //捕获
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        new Thread(()->{
            phone4.call();
        },"B").start();

    }
}

class Phone4{

    //锁的是Class
    public static synchronized void send(){
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("发短信");
    }

    public synchronized void call(){
        System.out.println("打电话");
    }


}

小结

new this 具体的一个手机

static Class唯一的一个模板

6.集合类不安全

List不安全

package com.ys.demo03;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;


// ConcurrentModificationException   并发修改异常!
public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //并发下 ArrayList不安全
        /**
         * 解决方案
         *      1.List<String> list = new Vector<>();
         *      2.List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
         *      3.List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
         */

        //CopyOnWrite 写入时复制  COW 计算机设计领域的一种优化策略
        

        List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5));
                System.out.println(list);
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}

Set不安全

package com.ys.demo03;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;


/**
 * 同理可证 :ConcurrentModificationException
 *      1.Set<String> set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
 *      2.Set<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();
 */
public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
        //Set<String> set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());

        Set<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 30 ; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                set.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5));
                System.out.println(set);
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}

Map不安全

package com.ys.demo03;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;


//ConcurrentModificationException
public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
        
        Map<String,String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
        for (int i = 1; i < 30; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                map.put(Thread.currentThread().getName(), UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5));
                System.out.println(map);
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}

7.Callable

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1.可以有返回值

2.可以抛出异常

3.方法不同

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代码测试

package com.ys.demo04;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

        //new Thread(new Runnable()).start();
        //new Thread(new FutureTask<V>()).start();
        //new Thread(new FutureTask<V>(Callable)).start();

        MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
        FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask(myThread);  //适配类
        new Thread(futureTask,"A").start();

        Integer o = (Integer) futureTask.get();
        System.out.println(o);

    }
}

class MyThread implements Callable<Integer>{

    @Override
    public Integer call() {
        System.out.println("call()");
        return 1024;
    }
}

细节:有缓存,结果可能需要等待,有阻塞

8.常用的辅助类

8.1、CountDownLatch

减法计数器

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package com.ys.demo05;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //总数是6
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(6);

        for(int i = 1; i <= 6; i++){
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" Go out!");
                countDownLatch.countDown();  //-1
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }

        countDownLatch.await();
        System.out.println("Close Door");
    }
}

原理:

1.countDownLatch.countDown();   //数量减一`
2.countDownLatch.await();   //等待计数器归零,然后向下执行
每次有线程调用countDown()数量减一

8.2、CyclicBarrier

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加法计数器

package com.ys.demo05;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(7,()->{
            System.out.println("召唤神龙成功");
        });

        for (int i = 1; i <=7 ; i++) {
            final int temp = i;
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"收集"+temp+"龙珠");
                try {
                    cyclicBarrier.await();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

8.3、Semaphore

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package com.ys.demo05;

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);
        for (int i = 1; i <=6 ; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                //acquire 得到
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"抢到车位");
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"离开车位");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    semaphore.release();
                }
                //release 释放

            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}

原理:

semaphore.acquire();   //获得,假设如果已经满了,等待,等待被释放为止
semaphore.release();   //释放,会将当前信号量释放+1,然后唤醒等待的线程
作用:多个共享资源互斥的使用!并发限流,控制最大的线程数!

9.读写锁

ReadWriteLock

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package com.ys.demo05;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

/**
* 独占锁(写锁) 一次只能被一个线程占有
* 共享锁(读锁) 多个线程可以同时占有
* ReadWriteLock
* 读-读 可以共存
* 读-写 不能共存
* 写-写 不能共存
*/
public class Test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyCacheLock myCache = new MyCacheLock();

        //写入
        for (int i = 1; i <=5 ; i++) {
            final int temp = i;
            new Thread(()->{
                myCache.put(temp+"",temp+"");
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }

        //读取
        for (int i = 1; i <=5 ; i++) {
            final int temp = i;
            new Thread(()->{
                myCache.get(temp+"");
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }


    }
}

//加锁的
class MyCacheLock{
    private volatile Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();

    //读写锁:更下细粒度的控制
    private ReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    //存,写入的时候,只希望同时有一个线程写
    public void put(String key, Object value){
        readWriteLock.writeLock().lock();

        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"写入"+key);
            map.put(key,value);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"写入ok");
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    //取,读
    public void get(String key){
        readWriteLock.readLock().lock();

        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"读取"+key);
            Object o = map.get(key);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"读取ok");
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            readWriteLock.readLock().unlock();
        }

    }
}


/**
 * 自定义缓存
 */
class MyCache{
    private volatile Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();

    //存,写
    public void put(String key, Object value){
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"写入"+key);
        map.put(key,value);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"写入ok");
    }

    //取,读
    public void get(String key){
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"读取"+key);
        Object o = map.get(key);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"读取ok");
    }
}

10.阻塞队列

阻塞队列:

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BlockingQueue

什么情况下能用到阻塞队列:多线程并发处理,线程池

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学会使用队列:添加,移除

四组API:

方式抛出异常有返回值,不抛出异常阻塞 等待超时等待
添加addofferputoffer(…) 三个参数
移除removepolltakepoll(…) 两个参数
检测队首元素elementpick
    /**
     * 抛出异常
     */
    public static void test1(){
        //队列的大小
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);

        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("A"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("B"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("C"));

        //IllegalStateException 队列已满
        //System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("D"));

        System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());

        //java.util.NoSuchElementException 异常
        //System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
    }
/**
* 有返回值,没有异常
*/
public static void test2(){
    ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);

    System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("A"));
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("B"));
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("C"));

    System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("D"));  //返回 false 不抛出异常


    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());

    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());  // 返回 null  不抛出异常
}
/**
 * 等待 阻塞(一直阻塞)
 */
public static void test3() throws InterruptedException {
    ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
    blockingQueue.put("A");
    blockingQueue.put("B");
    blockingQueue.put("C");
    //blockingQueue.put("D");  //队列没有位置了  一直阻塞

    System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
    //System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());  //没有这个元素,一直阻塞
}
/**
 * 等待 阻塞(一直阻塞)
 */
public static void test4() throws InterruptedException {
    ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
    blockingQueue.offer("A");
    blockingQueue.offer("B");
    blockingQueue.offer("C");
    blockingQueue.offer("D",2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);  //等待  超过两秒就退出

    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll(2,TimeUnit.SECONDS));  //等待超过两秒就退出
}
SynchronousQueue
package com.ys.demo06;

import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 同步队列
 * 和其他的BlockingQueue不一样,SynchronousQueue不存储元素
 * put了一个元素,必须从里面先take出来,否则不能再put进去值!
 */
public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynchronousQueue synchronousQueue = new SynchronousQueue();

        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" put 1");
                synchronousQueue.put("A");
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" put 1");
                synchronousQueue.put("B");
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" put 1");
                synchronousQueue.put("C");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        },"T1").start();

        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+synchronousQueue.take());
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+synchronousQueue.take());
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+synchronousQueue.take());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        },"T2").start();
    }
}

11.线程池

线程池:三大方法,7大参数,4种拒绝策略

池化技术

程序的运行,本质:占用系统的资源!优化资源的使用!=>池化技术

线程池,连接池,内存池,对象池

池化技术:事先准备好一些资源,有人要用,就来我这里拿,用完之后还给我

线程池的好处

1、降低资源的消耗

2、提高响应的速度

3、方便管理

线程复用,可以控制最大并发数,管理线程

线程池三大方法

package com.ys.demo07;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;


/**
 * Executors 三大方法

 *
 */
public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); // 单个线程
        // ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);     // 创建一个固定的线程池的大小
        ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();        // 可伸缩的  遇强则强 遇弱则弱

         //使用了线程池之后,使用线程池创建线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threadPool.execute(()->{
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" OK");
            });
        }

        // 线程池用完,程序结束,关闭线程池
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                threadPool.execute(()->{
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" OK");
                });
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            threadPool.shutdown();
        }
    }
}

7大参数

源码分析

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
    return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
        (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                  0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                  new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                  60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                  new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
// 本质:ThreadPoolExecutor()
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,  //核心线程池大小
                              int maximumPoolSize, //最大核心线程池大小
                              long keepAliveTime, //超时了没人调用就会释放
                              TimeUnit unit, //超时单位
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, //阻塞队列
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,  //线程工厂  创建线程的 一般不用动
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler // 拒绝策略
                         ) {
        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
            keepAliveTime < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.acc = System.getSecurityManager() == null ?
                null :
                AccessController.getContext();
        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
        this.workQueue = workQueue;
        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
        this.handler = handler;
    }

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手动创建线程池

package com.ys.demo07;

import java.util.concurrent.*;


/**
 * new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()   // 银行满了  还有人进来  不处理这个人的  抛出异常     RejectedExecutionException
 * new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()   // 哪来的去哪里
 * new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy()   // 队列满了,丢掉任务,不会抛出异常
 * new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy()  //队列满了 尝试去和最早的竞争  也不会抛出异常
 **/
public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //自定义线程池
        ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                2,
                5,
                3,
                TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(3),
                Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),
                new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy() //队列满了 尝试去和最早的竞争  也不会抛出异常
        );

        try {
            // 最大承载 Deque+max
            // 超过抛出异常 RejectedExecutionException
            for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++) {
                threadPool.execute(()->{
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" OK");
                });
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            threadPool.shutdown();
        }
    }
}

四种拒绝策略

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/**
 * new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()   // 银行满了  还有人进来  不处理这个人的  抛出异常RejectedExecutionException
 * new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()   // 哪来的去哪里
 * new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy()   // 队列满了,丢掉任务,不会抛出异常
 * new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy()  //队列满了 尝试去和最早的竞争  也不会抛出异常
 **/

小结

了解:IO密集型 CPU密集型(调优)

12.四大函数式接口

img

函数式接口:只有一个方法的接口

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Runnable {
    public abstract void run();
}

// 超级多FunctionalInterface
// 简化编程模型,在新版本的框架底层大量应用
// foreach(消费者类式的函数式接口)

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代码测试:

Function函数式接口

package com.ys.demo08;

import java.util.function.Function;

/**
 * Function 函数型接口 有一个输入参数 一个输出
 *  只要是函数型接口 ,就可以用lambda表达式
 */
public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Function function = new Function<String,String>() {
            @Override
            public String apply(String str) {
                return str;
            }
        };

        System.out.println(function.apply("123"));
    }
}

Predicate断定型接口

package com.ys.demo08;

import java.util.function.Predicate;

/**
 * 断定型接口 有一个输入参数 返回值只能是布尔值
 */
public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Predicate<String> predicate = new Predicate<String>() {
            @Override
            public boolean test(String s) {
                return s.isEmpty();
            }
        };

        System.out.println(predicate.test(""));
    }
}

Consumer消费型接口

package com.ys.demo08;

import java.util.function.Consumer;

/**
 * Consumer 消费型接口:只有输入没有返回值
 */
public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Consumer<String> consumer = new Consumer<String>() {
            @Override
            public void accept(String s) {
                System.out.println(s);
            }
        };

        consumer.accept("123");
    }
}

Supplier供给型接口

package com.ys.demo08;

import java.util.function.Supplier;

/**
 * Supplier 没有参数 只有返回值
 */
public class Test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /*Supplier<String> supplier = new Supplier<String>() {
            @Override
            public String get() {
                return "123";
            }
        };*/

        Supplier<Integer> supplier = ()->{return 1024;};

        System.out.println(supplier.get());
    }
}

13.Stream流式编程

Stream流式编程

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package com.ys.demo09;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;

/**
 * 题目要求:
 * 现在又五个用户,筛选:
 * 1.ID必须是偶数
 * 2.年龄必须大于23岁
 * 3.用户名转换为大写
 * 4.用户名称倒着排序
 * 5.只输出一个用户
 */
public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user1 = new User(1,"a",21);
        User user2 = new User(2,"b",22);
        User user3 = new User(3,"c",23);
        User user4 = new User(4,"d",24);
        User user5 = new User(6,"e",25);

        List<User> users = Arrays.asList(user1,user2,user3,user4,user5);

        //Stream流计算
        //链式编程
        users.stream()
                .filter(u->{return u.getId()%2==0;})
                .filter(u->{return u.getAge()>23;})
                .map(u->{return u.getName().toUpperCase();})
                .sorted((u1,u2)->{return u2.compareTo(u1);})
                .limit(1)
                .forEach(System.out::println);


    }
}

14.ForkJoin

ForkJoin 把大任务拆分成小任务

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ForkJoin特点:工作窃取

这个里面维护的都是双端队列

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ForkJoin

package com.ys.forkjoin;

import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;

/**
 *  求和计算的任务
 *  如何使用forkjoin
 *  1.forkjoinPoll 通过它来执行
 *  2.计算任务 forkjoinPoll.execute(ForkJoinTask task)
 *  3.计算类要继承ForkJoinTask
 */
public class ForkJoinTest extends RecursiveTask<Long> {

    private Long start;
    private Long end;

    //临界值
    private Long temp = 10000L;

    public ForkJoinTest(Long start, Long end) {
        this.start = start;
        this.end = end;
    }

    //计算方法
    @Override
    protected Long compute() {
        if((end-start)<temp){
            Long sum = 0L;
            for (Long i = start; i <= end; i++) {
                sum+=i;
            }
            return sum;
        }else{
            long middle = (start + end) / 2;   //中间值
            ForkJoinTest task1 = new ForkJoinTest(start,middle);
            task1.fork();  //拆分任务 ,把任务压入线程队列
            ForkJoinTest task2 = new ForkJoinTest(middle,end);
            task2.fork();  //拆分任务 ,把任务压入线程队列
            return task1.join() + task2.join();

        }
    }
}

代码测试

package com.ys.forkjoin;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask;
import java.util.stream.LongStream;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        // test1();   //290
        test2();   //7875
        // test3();   //233
    }

    public static void test1() {
        long sum = 0L;
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (long i = 1L; i <=10_0000_0000L ; i++) {
            sum+=i;
        }

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("sum=" + sum + "时间:" + (end - start));
    }

    //使用forkJoin
    public static void test2() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool();
        ForkJoinTask<Long> task = new ForkJoinTest(0L, 10_0000_0000L);
        ForkJoinTask<Long> submit =  forkJoinPool.submit(task);
        Long sum = submit.get();

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("sum=" + sum + "时间:" + (end - start));
    }

    public static void test3() {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        //Stream并行流
        long sum = LongStream .rangeClosed(0L,10_0000_0000L).parallel().reduce(0,Long::sum);

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("sum=" + sum + "时间:" + (end - start));
    }
}

15.异步回调

Future设计的初衷:对将来的某个时间的结果进行建模

package com.ys.demo10;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

        // 没有返回值的 runAsync异步回调
        /*CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.runAsync(()->{
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>Void");
        });

        System.out.println("1111");
        completableFuture.get();*/

        //有返回值的supplyAsync异步回调
        CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>Integer");
            int i = 10/0;
            return 1024;
        });

        System.out.println(completableFuture.whenComplete((t, u) -> {
                    System.out.println("t=>" + t);  //正常的返回结果
                    System.out.println("u=>" + u);  //错误信息java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero 
                }).exceptionally((e) -> {
                    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
                    return 233;
                }).get());
    }
}

16.JMM

请你谈谈对Volatile的理解

Volatile是java虚拟机提供轻量级的同步机制

1.保证可见性

2.不保证原子性

3.禁止指令重排

什么是JMM

JMM :java内存模型 不存在的东西! 概念 约定

关于JMM的一些同步约定

1.线程解锁前,必须把共享变量立刻刷回主存

2.线程加锁前,必须读取主存中的最新值到工作内存中

3.加锁和解锁是同一把锁

线程 工作内存 、主内存

8种操作

内存交互操作有8种,虚拟机实现必须保证每一个操作都是原子的,不可在分的(对于double和long类型的变量来说,load、store、read和write操作在某些平台上允许例外)

  • lock (锁定):作用于主内存的变量,把一个变量标识为线程独占状态

  • unlock (解锁):作用于主内存的变量,它把一个处于锁定状态的变量释放出来,释放后的变量才可以被其他线程锁定

  • read (读取):作用于主内存变量,它把一个变量的值从主内存传输到线程的工作内存中,以便随后的load动作使用

  • load (载入):作用于工作内存的变量,它把read操作从主存中变量放入工作内存中

  • use (使用):作用于工作内存中的变量,它把工作内存中的变量传输给执行引擎,每当虚拟机遇到一个需要使用到变量的值,就会使用到这个指令

  • assign (赋值):作用于工作内存中的变量,它把一个从执行引擎中接受到的值放入工作内存的变量副本中

  • store (存储):作用于主内存中的变量,它把一个从工作内存中一个变量的值传送到主内存中,以便后续的write使用

  • write  (写入):作用于主内存中的变量,它把store操作从工作内存中得到的变量的值放入主内存的变量中

JMM对这八种指令的使用,制定了如下规则:

  • 不允许read和load、store和write操作之一单独出现。即使用了read必须load,使用了store必须write
  • 不允许线程丢弃他最近的assign操作,即工作变量的数据改变了之后,必须告知主存
  • 不允许一个线程将没有assign的数据从工作内存同步回主内存
  • 一个新的变量必须在主内存中诞生,不允许工作内存直接使用一个未被初始化的变量。就是怼变量实施use、store操作之前,必须经过assign和load操作
  • 一个变量同一时间只有一个线程能对其进行lock。多次lock后,必须执行相同次数的unlock才能解锁
  • 如果对一个变量进行lock操作,会清空所有工作内存中此变量的值,在执行引擎使用这个变量前,必须重新load或assign操作初始化变量的值
  • 如果一个变量没有被lock,就不能对其进行unlock操作。也不能unlock一个被其他线程锁住的变量
  • 对一个变量进行unlock操作之前,必须把此变量同步回主内存

问题:程序不知道主内存的值已经被修改过了

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17.Volatile

1.保证可见性

package com.ys.demo11;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Test01 {
    // 不加 volatile程序会死循环
    private volatile static int num = 0;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(()->{     //线程1对主内存的变化是不知道的
            while (num==0){

            }
        }).start();

        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        num = 1;
        System.out.println(num);
    }
}

不保证原子性

原子性:不可分割

package com.ys.demo11;


//不保证原子性
public class Test02 {

    //volatile 不保证原子性
    private volatile static int num = 0;

    public static void add(){
        num++;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

//        理论上num的值应该为20000
        for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
                    add();
                }
            }).start();
        }

        while (Thread.activeCount()>2){
            Thread.yield();
        }

        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"  "+num);
    }
}

如果不加lock和synchronized,怎么样保证原子性

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使用原子类,解决原子性问题

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原子类为什么这么高级

package com.ys.demo11;


import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

//不保证原子性
public class Test02 {

    //volatile 不保证原子性
    //private volatile static int num = 0;
    //原子类的Integer
    private volatile static AtomicInteger num = new AtomicInteger();


    public static void add(){
        //num++;   //不是原子性操作
        num.getAndIncrement();   //AtomicInteger + 1 方法 CAS
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

//        理论上num的值应该为20000
        for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
                    add();
                }
            }).start();
        }

        while (Thread.activeCount()>2){
            Thread.yield();
        }

        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"  "+num);
    }
}

指令重排

什么是指令重排:你写的程序,计算机并不是按照你写的那样去执行的

源代码 --> 编译器优化后的重排 -->指令并行也可能会重排 -->内存系统也会重排 -->执行

处理器在进行指令重排的时候,考虑:数据之间的依赖性!

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18.单例模式(未完成 之后自己再找资料看)

饿汉式单例

package com.ys.single;

/**
 * 饿汉式单例
 */
public class Hungry {

    //可能会浪费空间
    private byte[] data1 = new byte[1024*1024];
    private byte[] data2 = new byte[1024*1024];
    private byte[] data3 = new byte[1024*1024];
    private byte[] data4 = new byte[1024*1024];
    private byte[] data5 = new byte[1024*1024];

    private Hungry(){

    }

    private final static Hungry HUNGRY = new Hungry();

    public static Hungry getInstance(){
        return HUNGRY;
    }

}

DCL懒汉式单例

package com.ys.single;

/**
 * 懒汉式单例
 */
public class LazyMan {

    private LazyMan() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " OK");
    }

    private static LazyMan lazyMan;

    //双重检测锁模式的懒汉式单例  简称DCL懒汉式
    public static LazyMan getInstance() {

        if (lazyMan == null) {
            synchronized (LazyMan.class) {
                if (lazyMan == null) {
                    lazyMan = new LazyMan();   //不是一个原子性操作

                    /**
                     * 1.分配内存空间
                     * 2.执行构造方法,初始化对象
                     * 3.把这个对象指向这个空间
                     */
                }
            }
        }
        return lazyMan;
    }

    //多线程并发
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                LazyMan.getInstance();
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

静态内部类

单例模式都不安全

出现了枚举

19.深入理解CAS

什么是CAS

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CAS:比较当前工作内存中的值和主内存中的值,如果这个值是期望的,那么则执行此操作!如果不是就一直循环!

缺点:

1、循环会耗时

2、一次性只能保证一个共享变量的原子性

3、ABA问题

CAS : ABA问题(狸猫换太子)

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package com.ys.cas;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;


public class CASDemo {
    //CAS compareAndSet : 比较和交换
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(2020);

        /**
         * 期望  更新
         * public final boolean compareAndSet(int expect, int update)
         * 如果期望的值达到了就更新  否则就不更新  CAS是CPU的并发原语!
         */
        //===========捣乱的线程===========
        System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020, 2021));
        System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());

        System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2021, 2020));
        System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());

        //===========期望的线程===========
        System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020, 6666));
        System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());
    }
}

20.原子引用

解决ABA问题 引入原子引用!对应的思想:乐观锁

带版本号的原子操作

package com.ys.cas;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicStampedReference;


public class CASDemo {
    // AtomicStampedReference 注意 如果泛型是一个包装类 ,注意对象的引用问题
    //CAS compareAndSet : 比较和交换
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(2020);
        AtomicStampedReference<Integer> atomicStampedReference = new AtomicStampedReference<>(123,1);

        new Thread(()->{
            int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp();  //获得版本号
            System.out.println("a1=>"+stamp);

            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(123, 124,
                    atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1));

            System.out.println("a2=>"+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());

            System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(124, 123,
                    atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1));

            System.out.println("a3=>"+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
        },"A").start();


        new Thread(()->{
            int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp();  //获得版本号
            System.out.println("b1=>"+stamp);

            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(123, 66,
                    stamp, stamp + 1));

            System.out.println("b2=>"+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
        },"B").start();
    }
}

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21.各种锁的理解

1.公平锁,非公平锁

公平锁:非常公平,不能够插队,必须先来后到 !

非公平锁:非常不公平,可以插队

public ReentrantLock() {
    sync = new NonfairSync();
}
//默认都是非公平锁
public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
    sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
}

2.可重入锁

可重入锁(递归锁)

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synchronized版

package com.ys.demo12;

public class Test01 {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
       Phone phone = new Phone();

       new Thread(()->{
           phone.sms();
       },"A").start();

       new Thread(()->{
           phone.sms();
       },"B").start();
   }
}

class Phone{
   public synchronized void sms(){
       System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" sms");
       call();  //这里也有一把锁
   }
   public synchronized void call(){
       System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" call");
   }
}

lock版

package com.ys.demo12;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Phone2 phone = new Phone2();

        new Thread(()->{
            phone.sms();
        },"A").start();

        new Thread(()->{
            phone.sms();
        },"B").start();
    }
}

class Phone2{

    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public void sms(){
        lock.lock();   //细节问题lock.lock();lock.unlock();
        //lock锁必须配对,否则就会死在里面
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" sms");
            call();  //这里也有一把锁
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public void call(){lock.lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" call");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

3.自旋锁

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不断的尝试,直到成功为止

我们来自定义一个锁来测试

package com.ys.demo12;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

/**
 * 自旋锁
 */
public class Test03 {

    AtomicReference<Thread> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>();
    //加锁
    public void myLock(){
        Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==> myLock");

        while (!atomicReference.compareAndSet(null,thread)){

        }
    }
    //解锁
    public void myUnLock(){
        Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==> myUnLock");

        atomicReference.compareAndSet(thread,null);

        }

}

代码测试

package com.ys.demo12;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        /*ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();
        reentrantLock.lock();
        reentrantLock.unlock();*/

        Test03 lock = new Test03();

        new Thread(()->{
            lock.myLock();
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.myUnLock();
            }
        },"T1").start();

        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        new Thread(()->{
            lock.myLock();
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.myUnLock();
            }
        },"T2").start();

        lock.myLock();
        lock.myUnLock();
    }
}

4.死锁

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死锁测试,怎么排除死锁

package com.ys.demo12;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String lockA = "a";
        String lockB = "b";
        new Thread(new MyThread(lockA,lockB),"T1").start();
        new Thread(new MyThread(lockB,lockA),"T2").start();

    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{

    private String lockA;
    private String lockB;

    public MyThread(String lockA, String lockB) {
        this.lockA = lockA;
        this.lockB = lockB;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (lockA){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" lock:"+lockA+"=>get "+lockB);

            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            synchronized (lockB){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" lock:"+lockB+"=>get "+lockA);
            }
        }
    }
}

解决问题

1.使用 jps -l 定位进程号

2.使用 jstack 进程号 查看进行信息

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