到现在为止,用.net (vs2005)写串口通讯的程序写了好几回了,但到目前为止感觉才把问题解决得较好一些,网上也提供了不少方法,我大都用过,发现里面的问题还真不少。其实用过.net中serialPort类的设计人员都会遇到一些问题,但我想真正解决的人却不多。网上提供的方法至少我是没有找到一种行的.我还是先说说会遇到哪些问题吧。
我有一个朋友说写的串口程序会使系统蓝屏,我也试用,刚开始写的程序,的确会有大问题,蓝屏了。但引起蓝屏的应该不是程序,这里要究正一下。因为我们在测试的时候都是用虚拟串口的((SUDT SerialNull),我猜引起问题的是这个东西,因为我用单片机的时候是不会出现蓝屏,但发送和接收会出现问题。
其次会出现的一个问题是当关闭串口的那个时值程序会卡死,只右击程序才能缓解过来。说来也怪,会出现卡也就算了,但它不是每回都出现,只是偶尔,真是麻烦死了。后来查阅了大量的资料,才发现其实程序中的线程造成死锁引起的,当关闭串口的那一刻,单片机又发送数据,引起一个事件而造成死锁。其实这不是我们的问题,是微软的问题,但愿以后的版本中它能改进,把问题解决。废话说了那么多,还是用代码说话更权威吧。
以下是我的程序源代码(里面和一些代码你会发现与网上流传的相同,那是因为那些都是大同小异,为了省事我就直接copy了部分。但那些流传的是有错误的,运行会出现大问题)
定义了两个Button ,它们的Name 分别是buttonOpenClose(打开关闭按键)和buttonSend(发送区中的发送按键)都有click事件
定义了两个TextBox,它们的Name 分别是txGet(接收区中的textbox,显示接收的数据)和txSend(发送区的textbox,用于发送数据)
定义了两个combobox,它们的Name 分别是comboPortName(端口号那个)和comboBaudrate(波特率那个)
这里的核心代码其实也就那么几句:其中一个是通过委托,然后在接收数据的事件中调用this.Invoke();
另外一个就是设置两个变量,一个是Listening和Closing,防止死锁
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.IO.Ports;
//using System.Linq;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
namespace 解决串口关闭死锁
{
public partial class SerialportSampleForm : Form
{
private SerialPort comm = new SerialPort();
private StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
//避免在事件处理方法中反复的创建,定义到外面。
private long received_count = 0;//接收计数
private long send_count = 0;//发送计数
private bool Listening = false;
//是否没有执行完invoke相关操作
private bool Closing = false;
//是否正在关闭串口,执行Application.DoEvents, 并阻止再次invoke
public SerialportSampleForm()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
public static byte[] HexStringToBinary(string hexstring)//十六进制格式转换
{
string[] tmpary = hexstring.Trim().Split(' ');
byte[] buff = new byte[tmpary.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < buff.Length; i++)
{
buff[i] = Convert.ToByte(tmpary[i], 16);//转换
}
return buff;
}
private void SerialportSampleForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string[] ports = SerialPort.GetPortNames();
Array.Sort(ports);
comboPortName.Items.AddRange(ports);
comboPortName.SelectedIndex =
comboPortName.Items.Count > 0 ? 0 : -1;
comboBaudrate.SelectedIndex = comboBaudrate.Items.IndexOf("9600");
//初始化SerialPort对象
comm.NewLine = "/r/n";
comm.RtsEnable = true;
//根据实际情况吧。
//添加事件注册
comm.DataReceived +=comm_DataReceived;
}
void comm_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
if (Closing)
{
return;
}
//如果正在关闭,忽略操作,直接返回,尽快的完成串口监听线程的一次循环
try
{
Listening = true;
//设置标记,说明我已经开始处理数据, 一会儿要使用系统UI的。
int n = comm.BytesToRead;
//先记录下来,避免某种原因,人为的原因,操作几次之间时间长,缓存不一致
byte[] buf = new byte[n];
//声明一个临时数组存储当前来的串口数据
received_count += n;//增加接收计数
comm.Read(buf, 0, n);//读取缓冲数据
// builder.Clear();//清除字符串构造器的内容
//因为要访问ui资源,所以需要使用invoke方式同步ui。
this.Invoke((EventHandler)(delegate
{
//判断是否是显示为16禁止
if (checkBoxHexView.Checked)
{
//依次的拼接出16进制字符串
foreach (byte b in buf)
{
builder.Append(b.ToString("X2") + " ");
}
}
else
{
//直接按ASCII规则转换成字符串
builder.Append(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buf));
}
this.txGet.Text=(builder.ToString());
//修改接收计数
labelGetCount.Text = "Get:" + received_count.ToString();
}));
}
finally
{
Listening = false;//我用完了,ui可以关闭串口了。
}
}
private void buttonOpenClose_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//根据当前串口对象,来判断操作
if (comm.IsOpen)
{
Closing = true;
while (Listening) Application.DoEvents();
//打开时点击,则关闭串口
comm.Close();
MessageBox.Show(Listening.ToString());
}
else
{
Closing = false;
//关闭时点击,则设置好端口,波特率后打开
comm.PortName = comboPortName.Text;
comm.BaudRate = int.Parse(comboBaudrate.Text);
try
{
comm.Open();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
//捕获到异常信息,创建一个新的comm对象,之前的不能用了。
comm = new SerialPort();
//现实异常信息给客户。
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}
//设置按钮的状态
buttonOpenClose.Text = comm.IsOpen ? "Close" : "Open";
buttonSend.Enabled = comm.IsOpen;
}
private void buttonSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//定义一个变量,记录发送了几个字节
int n = 0;
//16进制发送
if (checkBoxHexSend.Checked)
{
byte[] send = HexStringToBinary(txSend.Text.Trim());
comm.Write(send, 0, send.Length);
//记录发送的字节数
n++;
}
else//ascii编码直接发送
{
comm.Write(txSend.Text);
n = txSend.Text.Length;
}
send_count += n;//累加发送字节数
labelSendCount.Text = "Send:" + send_count.ToString();
//更新界面
}
}
}
以下是界面设计的代码:
namespace 解决串口关闭死锁
{
partial class SerialportSampleForm
{
/// <summary>
/// 必需的设计器变量。
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
/// <summary>
/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源,为 true;否则为 false。</param>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing && (components != null))
{
components.Dispose();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
/// <summary>
/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要
/// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.comboPortName = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox();
this.comboBaudrate = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox();
this.checkBoxHexView = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();
this.labelGetCount = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.buttonOpenClose = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.buttonSend = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.labelSendCount = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.checkBoxHexSend = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();
this.txSend = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.txGet = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label4 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.groupBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
this.groupBox2 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
this.groupBox3 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
this.groupBox4 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
this.groupBox1.SuspendLayout();
this.groupBox2.SuspendLayout();
this.groupBox3.SuspendLayout();
this.groupBox4.SuspendLayout();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// comboPortName
//
this.comboPortName.FormattingEnabled = true;
this.comboPortName.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(60, 20);
this.comboPortName.Name = "comboPortName";
this.comboPortName.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 20);
this.comboPortName.TabIndex = 0;
//
// comboBaudrate
//
this.comboBaudrate.FormattingEnabled = true;
this.comboBaudrate.Items.AddRange(new object[] {
"9600"});
this.comboBaudrate.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(60, 56);
this.comboBaudrate.Name = "comboBaudrate";
this.comboBaudrate.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 20);
this.comboBaudrate.TabIndex = 1;
//
// checkBoxHexView
//
this.checkBoxHexView.AutoSize = true;
this.checkBoxHexView.Checked = true;
this.checkBoxHexView.CheckState = System.Windows.Forms.CheckState.Checked;
this.checkBoxHexView.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(80, 29);
this.checkBoxHexView.Name = "checkBoxHexView";
this.checkBoxHexView.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(96, 16);
this.checkBoxHexView.TabIndex = 2;
this.checkBoxHexView.Text = "十六进制显示";
this.checkBoxHexView.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
//
// labelGetCount
//
this.labelGetCount.AutoSize = true;
this.labelGetCount.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(33, 31);
this.labelGetCount.Name = "labelGetCount";
this.labelGetCount.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(29, 12);
this.labelGetCount.TabIndex = 4;
this.labelGetCount.Text = "接收";
//
// buttonOpenClose
//
this.buttonOpenClose.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(258, 319);
this.buttonOpenClose.Name = "buttonOpenClose";
this.buttonOpenClose.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 37);
this.buttonOpenClose.TabIndex = 5;
this.buttonOpenClose.Text = "打开";
this.buttonOpenClose.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.buttonOpenClose.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.buttonOpenClose_Click);
//
// buttonSend
//
this.buttonSend.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(83, 75);
this.buttonSend.Name = "buttonSend";
this.buttonSend.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
this.buttonSend.TabIndex = 6;
this.buttonSend.Text = "发送";
this.buttonSend.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.buttonSend.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.buttonSend_Click);
//
// labelSendCount
//
this.labelSendCount.AutoSize = true;
this.labelSendCount.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(33, 64);
this.labelSendCount.Name = "labelSendCount";
this.labelSendCount.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(29, 12);
this.labelSendCount.TabIndex = 9;
this.labelSendCount.Text = "发送";
//
// checkBoxHexSend
//
this.checkBoxHexSend.AutoSize = true;
this.checkBoxHexSend.Checked = true;
this.checkBoxHexSend.CheckState = System.Windows.Forms.CheckState.Checked;
this.checkBoxHexSend.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(82, 22);
this.checkBoxHexSend.Name = "checkBoxHexSend";
this.checkBoxHexSend.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(72, 16);
this.checkBoxHexSend.TabIndex = 10;
this.checkBoxHexSend.Text = "十六进制";
this.checkBoxHexSend.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
//
// txSend
//
this.txSend.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(82, 46);
this.txSend.Name = "txSend";
this.txSend.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(82, 21);
this.txSend.TabIndex = 12;
//
// txGet
//
this.txGet.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(82, 52);
this.txGet.Multiline = true;
this.txGet.Name = "txGet";
this.txGet.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 21);
this.txGet.TabIndex = 13;
//
// label1
//
this.label1.AutoSize = true;
this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(17, 52);
this.label1.Name = "label1";
this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(65, 12);
this.label1.TabIndex = 14;
this.label1.Text = "发送数据:";
//
// label2
//
this.label2.AutoSize = true;
this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 58);
this.label2.Name = "label2";
this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(65, 12);
this.label2.TabIndex = 15;
this.label2.Text = "接收数据:";
//
// label3
//
this.label3.AutoSize = true;
this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(6, 23);
this.label3.Name = "label3";
this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(29, 12);
this.label3.TabIndex = 16;
this.label3.Text = "端口";
//
// label4
//
this.label4.AutoSize = true;
this.label4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(6, 56);
this.label4.Name = "label4";
this.label4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(41, 12);
this.label4.TabIndex = 17;
this.label4.Text = "波特率";
//
// groupBox1
//
this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.txSend);
this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.label1);
this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.buttonSend);
this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.checkBoxHexSend);
this.groupBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(316, 170);
this.groupBox1.Name = "groupBox1";
this.groupBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(223, 114);
this.groupBox1.TabIndex = 20;
this.groupBox1.TabStop = false;
this.groupBox1.Text = "发送区";
//
// groupBox2
//
this.groupBox2.Controls.Add(this.txGet);
this.groupBox2.Controls.Add(this.label2);
this.groupBox2.Controls.Add(this.checkBoxHexView);
this.groupBox2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(50, 170);
this.groupBox2.Name = "groupBox2";
this.groupBox2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(223, 114);
this.groupBox2.TabIndex = 21;
this.groupBox2.TabStop = false;
this.groupBox2.Text = "接收区";
//
// groupBox3
//
this.groupBox3.Controls.Add(this.labelGetCount);
this.groupBox3.Controls.Add(this.labelSendCount);
this.groupBox3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(316, 28);
this.groupBox3.Name = "groupBox3";
this.groupBox3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 99);
this.groupBox3.TabIndex = 22;
this.groupBox3.TabStop = false;
this.groupBox3.Text = "统计区";
//
// groupBox4
//
this.groupBox4.Controls.Add(this.comboPortName);
this.groupBox4.Controls.Add(this.comboBaudrate);
this.groupBox4.Controls.Add(this.label3);
this.groupBox4.Controls.Add(this.label4);
this.groupBox4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(50, 28);
this.groupBox4.Name = "groupBox4";
this.groupBox4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 99);
this.groupBox4.TabIndex = 23;
this.groupBox4.TabStop = false;
this.groupBox4.Text = "设置区";
//
// SerialportSampleForm
//
this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(571, 453);
this.Controls.Add(this.groupBox4);
this.Controls.Add(this.groupBox3);
this.Controls.Add(this.groupBox2);
this.Controls.Add(this.groupBox1);
this.Controls.Add(this.buttonOpenClose);
this.Name = "SerialportSampleForm";
this.Text = "Form1";
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.SerialportSampleForm_Load);
this.groupBox1.ResumeLayout(false);
this.groupBox1.PerformLayout();
this.groupBox2.ResumeLayout(false);
this.groupBox2.PerformLayout();
this.groupBox3.ResumeLayout(false);
this.groupBox3.PerformLayout();
this.groupBox4.ResumeLayout(false);
this.groupBox4.PerformLayout();
this.ResumeLayout(false);
}
#endregion
private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox comboPortName;
private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox comboBaudrate;
private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBoxHexView;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label labelGetCount;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button buttonOpenClose;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button buttonSend;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label labelSendCount;
private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBoxHexSend;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txSend;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txGet;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label4;
private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox1;
private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox2;
private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox3;
private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox4;
}
}
如果你们发现运行有错误,谢谢留言,会及时更改。谢谢,另外,源代码的工程文件我会上传到资源共享里~~~~~~