Python笔记：常用的标准库

Python 中常用的标准库

• python中获取当前时间和日期的模块： datetime

• python中具有更改当前工作目录的方法 os

• 哪个模块可以将逗号分隔 (.csv) 文件中的每行数据读取到 Python 中？ csv

• 哪个模块可以帮助我们从 zip 文件中提取所有文件？ zipfile

• 哪个模块可以显示代码的运行时间？ time

Python 中常用的标准库[相关练习]

• 使用 math 模块，计算 e 的3次幂，然后 输出 答案

    import math
    print(math.exp(3)) # 20.085536923187668
  

• 写一个叫做 generate_password 的函数，该函数会从提供的单词文件中随机选择三个单词，并将它们连接成一个字符串。我们已经在起始代码中提供了从文件中读取数据的代码，你需要利用这些部分构建一个密码。

  words.txt:

    Alice
    was
    beginning
    to
    get
    very
    tired
    of
    sitting
    by
    her
    sister
    bank
    having
    nothing
    Once
    twice
    she
    had
    peeped
    into
    the
    book
    her
    sister
    was
    reading
    but
    it
    had
    no
    pictures
    or
    conversations
    in
    it
    and
    what
    is
    the
    use
    of
    a
    book
    thought
    Alice
    without
    pictures
    or
    conversations
  

  password_generator.py ：

    # Use an import statement at the top
    import random
    word_file = "words.txt"
    word_list = []
  
    #fill up the word_list
    with open(word_file,'r') as words:
      for line in words:
        # remove white space and make everything lowercase
        word = line.strip().lower()
        # don't include words that are too long or too short
        if 3 < len(word) < 8:
          word_list.append(word)
  
    # Add your function generate_password here
    # It should return a string consisting of three random words 
    # concatenated together without spaces
    def generate_password() :
        return random.choice(word_list) + random.choice(word_list) + random.choice(word_list)
  
    # test your function
    print(generate_password())
  

  运行 $ python password_generator.py, 随机输出三个单词连成的字符串

学习链接

• https://pymotw.com/3/
• https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/math.html?highlight=math module#module-math
• https://docs.python.org/3/library/