Shiro身份认证学习笔记（一）Shrio体系结构 | 基于官方文档的快速入门 | MDK5 + salt 加密案例 | SpringBoot整合Shiro+SSM+Thymeleaf案例

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参考资料

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• 视频链接1
• 视频链接2

运行环境

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• Windows10
• Maven 3.8.3
• IDEA 2021.1 专业版
• JDK 8
• SpringBoot 2.6
• Shrio 1.8

一、Shiro体系结构

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Apache Shiro是一个强大且易用的Java安全框架,执行身份验证、授权、密码和会话管理。使用Shiro的易于理解的API,您可以快速、轻松地获得任何应用程序,从最小的移动应用程序到最大的网络和企业应用程序。

模块	描述
Authentication	身份认证、登录，验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份
Authorization	授权，即权限验证，验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限，即判断用户能否进行什么操作，如：验证某个用户已是否拥有某个角色，或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有某个权限
Session Manager	会话管理，即用户登陆后的第一次会话，没退出前，它的所有信息都在会话中，会话可以是普通的JavaSE环境，也可以是Web环境
Ctryptography	加密，保护数据的安全性，如密码加密存储到数据库中，而不是明文存储
Web Support	Web支持，可以非常容易的集成到Web环境
Caching	缓存，比如用户登录后，其用户信息，拥有的角色、权限不必每次去查，这样可提高效率
Concurrency	Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证，即，如在一个线程中开启另一个线程，能把权限自动的传播过去
Testting	提供测试支持
Run As	允许一个用户假装为另一个用户（如果他们允许）的身份进行访问
Remember Me	记住我，可在一定时间内记录保持登录的状态。

1.1 Shiro外部架构

Subject

Subject是应用代码直接交互的对象，也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是Subject，Subject代表了当前的用户，这个用户不一定是具体的人，与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject，比如网络爬虫，、机器人等，与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager；Subject其实是一个门面，SecurityManager才是实际的执行者。

SecurityManager

SecurityManager称为安全管理器，即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SecurityManager交互，并且它管理者所有的Subject，所以它称作为Shiro的核心，它负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互，相当于SpringMVC框架的DispatcherServlet的角色

Realm

Shiro从Realm获取安全数据（如用户、角色、权限），就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份，那么它需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行比较，来确定用户的身份是否合法，也需要从Realm得到用户相应的角色、权限，进行验证用户的操作是否能够进行，可以把Realm看成DataSource

1.2 Shiro内部架构

模块	描述
Subject	任何可与应用交互的’用户‘
Security Manager	相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet；是Shiro的心脏，所有具体的交互都通过SecurityManager进行控制，它管理所有的Subject，且负责进行认证，授权，会话以及缓存的管理。
Authenticator	负责Subject认证，是一个扩展点，可以自定义实现，可以使用认证策略（Authentication Strategy），即什么情况下算用户认证通过了
Authorizer	授权器， 即访问控制器，用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作；即空值着用户能访问应用中的那些功能
Realm	可以由一个或者多个的Realm，可以认为是安全实体数据源，即用于获取安全实体的，可以用JDBC实现，也可以是内存实现等等，由用户提供；所以一般在企业应用中都需要实现自己的realm
SessionManager	管理Session生命周期的组件，而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境，也可以用在普通的JavaSE环境中
CacheManager	缓存控制器，来管理如用户，角色，权限等缓存的；因为这些数据基本上很少改变，放大缓存中后可以提高访问的性能
Cryptography	密码模块，Shiro提供了常见的加密组件用于密码加密、解密等

二、Shiro 快速入门

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Shiro 官方-快速入门地址：点击访问

Shiro 1.8 版本下载地址：点击访问

解压从官方下载的Shiro 1.8.0资源

访问解压后的目录D:\shiro1.8.0\shiro-root-1.8.0\samples\quickstart\src\main\resources

通过官方提供的快速入门Maven项目里的配置文件可以实现简单的应用

接下来的内容，部分是参考官方快速入门文档 ，大部分参考 视频资料

2.1 使用IDEA创建Maven项目，引入依赖

贴一个官方快速入门案例的依赖pom.xml，方便做参考

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
  ~ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  ~ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  ~ distributed with this work for additional information
  ~ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
  ~ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
  ~ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
  ~ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  ~
  ~     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  ~
  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
  ~ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
  ~ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
  ~ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
  ~ specific language governing permissions and limitations
  ~ under the License.
  -->
<!--suppress osmorcNonOsgiMavenDependency -->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.apache.shiro.samples</groupId>
        <artifactId>shiro-samples</artifactId>
        <version>1.8.0</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>samples-quickstart</artifactId>
    <name>Apache Shiro :: Samples :: Quick Start</name>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.6.0</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>java</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
                <configuration>
                    <classpathScope>test</classpathScope>
                    <mainClass>Quickstart</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- configure logging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

测试Demo的依赖 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.uni</groupId>
    <artifactId>shiro1</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2.2 配置Shiro

这里是参考官方案例里的配置

配置日志文件 log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n

# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN

# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN

# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO

# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN

配置Shiro shiro.ini

[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5

2.3 测试运行官方的Quickstart实例

Quickstart.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;


/**
 * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
 *
 * @since 0.9 RC2
 */
public class Quickstart {
   

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);


    public static void main(String[] args) {
   

        // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
        // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
        // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
        // return a SecurityManager instance:

        // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
        // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();

        // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
        // accessible as a JVM singleton.  Most applications wouldn't do this
        // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
        // webapps.  That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
        // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
        // for things.
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:

        // get the currently executing user:
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey"