SpringMVC案例01--入门

环境搭建

新建基于maven的webapp工程

略

这一步要注意是否设置了参数DarchetypeCatalog=internal，否则创建工程的时候会非常慢。

补齐工程的目录结构

略

编写pom文件

这一步要注意使用<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>进行版本锁定，这一步是为了统一项目要使用的spring系列jar包版本，维护方便。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.cncs</groupId>
    <artifactId>day01_01springmvc_start</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>day01_01springmvc_start Maven Webapp</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <!--    版本锁定-->
        <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>day01_01springmvc_start</finalName>
        <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.8.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.22.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.2.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.8.2</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

配置web.xml

说明：

• 配置SpringMVC核心控制器，顾名思义，它是核心部件。
• 配置servlet初始化参数，读取springmvc的配置文件
• 配置servlet的对象的创建时间点：应用启动时创建

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>

    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
    <!--  配置SpringMVC核心控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

        <!--    配置servlet初始化参数，读取springmvc的配置文件，创建spring容器-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--        配置servlet的对象的创建时间点：应用启动时创建
                    取值：非0整数，表示启动顺序-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <!--        所有请求都会经过控制器-->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

新建springmvc.xml

说明：

• 配置spring创建容器时要扫描的包
• 配置视图解析器
• 开启spring对注解mvc的支持

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--    配置spring创建容器时要扫描的包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.cncs"/>
    <!--    配置视图解析器-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--    开启spring对注解mvc的支持-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>

配置tomcat

说明：

• 配置deployment时，选择artificial最好选择:war exploded版本，这样在修改jsp，html等文件时不用重新启动服务器。
  

编写控制器HelloController

说明：

• 声明当前类是一个控制器，并交给spring管理
• 声明请求映射
• 通过返回值定义要跳转到地方

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller /*将HelloController交给spring管理*/
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        System.out.println("hello springmvc");
        return "success";
    }
}

编写index.jsp

说明：一个访问hello的请求

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h3>hello</h3>
        <a href="hello">点击sayHello</a>
    </body>
</html>

编写success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>sayHello成功</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h5>sayHello成功</h5>
    </body>
</html>