英语语法篇 - 省略

词法省略

省略冠词

冠词

1. “独一无二”

   独一无二的称号/身份前的定冠词可以省略：

   The rabbit was appointed (the) chairman of the Carrotown Committee.

   兔子被任命为胡萝城委员会主席。

2. 并列关系

   Both the rabbit and the wolf will be invited to the party.

   兔子和狼都会被邀请参加这个聚会

   Is this bunny a boy or a girl?

   这只小兔子是男孩还是女孩？

   在不引发歧义的情况下，第二个冠词可以省略。

   注意：有时候，用and连接两个（表性质身份的）名词时，有一种可能是同一个人或事物。那么，有冠词和无冠词往往是不同的意思，不能随意省略：

   a teacher and video creator.指同一个人

   a teacher and a video creator.指两个人

3. 某些独立主格结构

   The rabbit came in, (with a) carrot in (his) hand.

   兔子进来了，手里拿着一根胡萝卜。

介词

1. 时间介词

   I ate 10 carrots (on) that day.

   I worked (for) 60 hours (in) last week.

2. “做某事”

   I am busy (in) making videos.

不定式

1. 并列关系

   He wanted to stay here and (to) read.

   他想待在这里读书。

2. 裸不定式

   The wolf helped me (to) eat the carrot.

   狼帮助我吃胡萝卜。

   The wolf made me (to) watch the video.

   狼让我看视频。

从句引导词

定语从句（形容词性从句）里，关系代词在从句中作宾语可以省略：

This is the rabbit (that) we met yesterday.

这就是我们昨天见到那只兔子。

宾语从句：The rabbit said (that) the carrots were tasty.

兔子说胡萝卜很美味。

句法省略

句子中某些成分的省略。

简单句

1. 祈使句

   (you) open the door, please.

   请打开门

2. 感叹句

   What a smart rabbit (he is).

   多聪明多一直兔子啊！省略了主语+谓语动词he is.

   How (fast 副词) time flies!

   时间过得真快啊！

3. 口语表达

   省略主语+谓语：

   what did you eat? --> (I ate) a carrot.

   省略谓语+宾语：

   Who ate the carrot? --> (The rabbit) ate the carrot.

   省略主语补语/表语：

   Who is Papa Rabbit? --> I am (Papa Rabbit).

   省略宾语不定式中的一部分：

   Would you like to eat a carrot? --> Yes, l’d like to (eat a carrot).

   并列句

   并列句中的第二个或者后几个成分中，重复的部分可以省略：

   The rabbit went home after work, and (the rabbit) ate a carrot.

   兔子下班后回家，然后（他）吃了一根胡萝卜。

   The rabbit has eaten a carrot, but the wolf hasn’t (eaten a carrot).

   兔子吃了一根胡萝卜，但狼没（吃一根胡萝卜）。

   The story made the rabbit happy, but (the story made) the wolf sad.

   这故事让兔子高兴，让狼悲伤。

   The rabbit likes carrots and the wolf (likes) apples.

   兔子爱吃胡萝卜，狼（爱吃）苹果。

   复杂句

   1. 从句

      省略宾语从句中疑问代词后面的整个部分：

      The rabbit will eat the carrot, but i don’t know when (he will eat it).

      兔子要吃这胡萝卜，但我不知道啥时候（他吃它）

      状语从句中省略：

      When (he was) young, the rabbit went to school every day.

      当（他）小的时候，兔子每天上学。（时间状语从句）

      If (it is) possible, i’ll be there on time.

      如果可能，我将按时到那。（条件状语从句）

      I can eat more carrots than you (can eat carrots).

      我能吃胡萝卜比你多。（包含比较状语从句）

   2. 主句

      如果很明显主句多主语是“我”，即“i am…”，那i am也可以省略：

      (I am) sorry to hear that.

      很抱歉听到这个。

      shall i give you a thumbs-up?

      if you’d like (you can give me a thumbs-up).