linux shell ---if...else...fi

if.....else.....fi

If given condition is true then command1 is executed otherwise command2 is executed.

Syntax:

           if condition
           then
                       condition is zero (true - 0)
                       execute all commands up to else statement

           else
                       if condition is not true then
                       execute all commands up to fi
           fi

eg

#!/bin/sh
#
# Script to see whether argument is positive or negative
#
if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo "$0 : You must give/supply one integers"
exit 1
fi

if test $1 -gt 0
then
echo "$1 number is positive"
else
echo "$1 number is negative"
fi

First script checks whether command line argument is given or not, if not given then it print error message as "./ispos_n : You must give/supply one integers". if statement checks whether number of argument ($#) passed to script is not equal (-eq) to 0, if we passed any argument to script then this if statement is false and if no command line argument is given then this if statement is true. The echo command i.e.
echo "$0 : You must give/supply one integers"
         |              |
         |              |
        1             2
1 will print Name of script
2 will print this error message
And finally statement exit 1 causes normal program termination with exit status 1 (nonzero means script is not successfully run).

The last sample run $ isnump_n 0 , gives output as "0 number is negative", because given argument is not > 0, hence condition is false and it's taken as negative number. To avoid this replace second if statement with if test $1 -ge 0.

Nested if-else-fi

You can write the entire if-else construct within either the body of the if statement of the body of an else statement. This is called the nesting of ifs.

Syntax:

	if condition
	then
		if condition
		then
			.....
			..
			do this
		else
			....
			..
			do this
		fi
	else
		...
		.....
		do this
	fi

eg

$ vim nestedif.sh
osch=0

echo "1. Unix (Sun Os)"
echo "2. Linux (Red Hat)"
echo -n "Select your os choice [1 or 2]? "
read osch

if [ $osch -eq 1 ] ; then

     echo "You Pick up Unix (Sun Os)"

else #### nested if i.e. if within if ######
            
       if [ $osch -eq 2 ] ; then
             echo "You Pick up Linux (Red Hat)"
       else
             echo "What you don't like Unix/Linux OS."
       fi
fi

Multilevel if-then-else

Syntax:

           if condition
           then
                       condition is zero (true - 0)
                       execute all commands up to elif statement
           elif condition1 
           then
                       condition1 is zero (true - 0)
                       execute all commands up to elif statement  
           elif condition2
           then
                       condition2 is zero (true - 0)
                       execute all commands up to elif statement          
           else
                       None of the above condtion,condtion1,condtion2 are true (i.e. 
                       all of the above nonzero or false)
                       execute all commands up to fi
           fi

eg

#!/bin/bash
# Script to test if..elif...else
#
if [ $1 -gt 0 ]; then
  echo "$1 is positive"
elif [ $1 -lt 0 ]
then
  echo "$1 is negative"
elif [ $1 -eq 0 ]
then
  echo "$1 is zero"
else
  echo "Opps! $1 is not number, give number"
fi