框架(Framework)是整个或部分系统的可重用设计,表现为一组抽象构件及构件实例间交互的方法;另一种定义认为,框架是可被应用开发者定制的应用骨架。前者是从应用方面而后者是从目的方面给出的定义。
简而言之,框架其实就是某种应用的半成品,就是一组组件,供你选用完成你自己的系统,或者说是使用别人搭好的舞台,你来做表演。框架一般是成熟的,不断升级的软件。
1、什么是框架
1. 半成品,
2. 饭店:买菜,油盐酱醋-- 洗菜 -- 炒菜--做饭 -- 刷锅,洗碗
2、框架能解决什么问题
1、把技术封装起来
2、在开发中不应该考虑技术, 专注于逻辑(业务)开发
3, 框架时位于底层技术 和应用程序之间的代码
3、三层架构中常用的框架
a、web:表现层: 处理用户请求和响应
servlet -- struts(放弃) -- struts2(放弃) -- springMVC(主流) springMVC
b、service:业务层
自己写业务 --- ejb -- spring(整合框架,业务)(不可取代) spring
c、dao: 持久层(数据接收对象)
jdbc--dbutils--BeanUtils -- jdbcTemplate -- hibernate(放弃)--mybatis(主流)--spring data jpa(趋势) mybatis
主流:整合: springmvc + spring + mybatis = ssm
趋势:整合:springmvc + spring +spring data = spring全家桶
package com.itheima;
import com.itheima.domain.User;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class TestJDBC {
@Test
public void test() {
//1. 导入驱动jar包
//2.注册驱动
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); // 可以省略
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis";
String name = "root";
String passsword = "112358";
//3.获取数据库连接对象
Connection conn = null; // localhost:3306本机可以不写 jdbc:mysql:///db3
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
try {
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, name, passsword);
//4.定义sql语句
String sql = "SELECT * from user";
// String sql = "update account set balance = 2000";
//5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//6.执行sql
rs = stmt.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()){
User user = new User();
//获得数据
user.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
user.setUsername(rs.getString("username"));
user.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
user.setSex(rs.getString("sex"));
user.setAddress(rs.getString("address"));
//添加到集合
userList.add(user);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(rs!=null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stmt!=null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn!=null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
// Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "112358");
//7.处理结果
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
执行结果:
User{id=1, username='zhangsan', password='zhangsan', sex='男', address='北京市昌平区'}
User{id=2, username='lisi', password='lisi', sex='男', address='北京市海淀区'}
User{id=3, username='wangsu', password='wangsu', sex='男', address='北京市朝阳区'}
Process finished with exit code 0
jdbc代码中的问题
a、频繁创建和释放数据库的连接对象,造成资源的浪费. 使用数据库连接池可以解决(c3p0 ,dbcp, spring jdbc ,durid)
b、sql语句硬编码(写死),如果数据库发生改变,需要重新编译代码,再运行 。 可以考虑把sql语句写到配置文件中
c、传参数硬编码,必须按照特定的顺序传参
d、处理结果集硬编码,如果改变了数据库,结果集的映射必须重新写,需要重新编译代码,再运行
e、连接的配置信息硬编码
Mybatis是一个优秀的基于Java的持久层框架,它内部封装了Jdbc,使开发者只需要关注sql语句本身,而不需要花费精力去处理加载驱动、创建连接、创建statement等繁杂的过程。
Mybatis通过xml或注解的方式将要执行的各种statement配置起来,并通过java对象和statement中sql的动态参数进行映射生成最终执行的sql语句,最后由Mybatis框架执行sql并将结果映射为java对象并返回。
采用ORM思想解决了实体和数据库映射的问题,对Jdbc进行了封装,屏蔽了Jdbc Api底层访问细节,使我们不用与Jdbc Api打交道,就可以完成对数据库的持久化操作。
ORM :操作对象既是操作关系型数据库
自定义框架(原理)
自定义框架程序实现:
以上包含了数据库的url,驱动,用户名和密码,sql执行语句和其返回值类型,还包括业务方法id。
详细程序:
SqlMapConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC" />
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis?characterEncoding=utf8" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="112358" />
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/itheima/mapper/UserMapper.xml"></mapper>
</mappers>
</configuration>
UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<mapper namespace="com.itheima.dao.UserDao">
<select id="findAll" resultType="com.itheima.domain.User">
select * from user
</select>
</mapper>
Configuration.java
package frame.domain;
import frame.domain.Mapper;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class Configuration {
private String url;
private String username;
private String password;
private String driverClass;
/**
* 第一个泛型:String:唯一的标识:mapperId
* 第二个泛型:Mapper:存储sql + resultType
*/
private Map<String ,Mapper> xmlMap = new HashMap<>();
public Map<String, Mapper> getXmlMap() {
return xmlMap;
}
public void setXmlMap(Map<String, Mapper> xmlMap) {
this.xmlMap = xmlMap;
}
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getDriverClass() {
return driverClass;
}
public void setDriverClass(String driverClass) {
this.driverClass = driverClass;
}
}
Mapper.java
package frame.domain;
public class Mapper {
private String sql;
private String resultType;
public String getSql() {
return sql;
}
public void setSql(String sql) {
this.sql = sql;
}
public String getResultType() {
return resultType;
}
public void setResultType(String resultType) {
this.resultType = resultType;
}
}
创建sqlSession类实现类
以上详细程序见D:\IdeaProjects\itcast\try\mybatis_day01_2_custom_frame
分析过程见D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\05_mybatis\mybatis_day01\2.视频 (10-18)
Mybatis框架的快速入门(重点)
1.添加依赖(jar) mybatis
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
2、编写pojo对象
package com.itheima.domain;
/**
* 包装类型: 初始值为null
* 基本数据类型:本身的值就是一个状态
*
*/
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String sex;
private String address;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
3、编写映射文件UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.itheima.dao.UserDao">
<select id="findAll" resultType="com.itheima.domain.User">
select * from user
</select>
</mapper>
4、编写核心配置文件SqlMapConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC" />
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis?characterEncoding=utf8" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="112358" />
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/itheima/mapper/UserMapper.xml"></mapper>
</mappers>
</configuration>
5、测试框架 SqlSessionFactoryBuilder -- > SqlSessionFactory -- > SqlSession (增删改查)
package com.itheima;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
public class TestCustomFrame {
@Test
public void test(){
//获取 配置文件 的输入流对象
InputStream inputStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
//创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder对象
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
//创建SqlSessionFactory对象
SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
//获取sqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sessionFactory.openSession();
//执行sql语句
List list = sqlSession.selectList("com.itheima.dao.UserDao.findAll");
//遍历结果集
for (Object o : list) {
System.out.println(o);
}
//关闭资源
sqlSession.close();
}
}
程序: