decode()函数简介:
主要作用:将查询结果翻译成其他值(即以其他形式表现出来,以下举例说明);
使用方法:
Select decode(columnname,值1,翻译值1,值2,翻译值2,…值n,翻译值n,缺省值)
From talbename
Where …
其中columnname为要选择的table中所定义的column,
·含义解释:
decode(条件,值1,翻译值1,值2,翻译值2,…值n,翻译值n,缺省值)的理解如下:
if (条件==值1)
then
return(翻译值1)
elsif (条件==值2)
then
return(翻译值2)
……
elsif (条件==值n)
then
return(翻译值n)
else
return(缺省值)
end if
注:其中缺省值可以是你要选择的column name 本身,也可以是你想定义的其他值,比如Other等;
例子:
-- 创建一个计划表
drop table if EXISTS plan;
create table plan (
id int PRIMARY key,
name varchar(255)
);
-- 创建一个计划明细表,是计划表的子表
drop table if EXISTS planDetail;
create table planDetail(
id int PRIMARY key,
name varchar(255),
state int,
planId int
);
-- 插入数据
insert into plan values(1,'计划一');
insert into plan values(2,'计划二');
insert into plan values(3,'计划三');
insert into planDetail values(1,'明细一',0,1);
insert into planDetail values(2,'明细2',1,1);
insert into planDetail values(3,'明细3',1,1);
insert into planDetail values(4,'明细一',0,2);
insert into planDetail values(5,'明细2',0,2);
insert into planDetail values(6,'明细3',1,2);
insert into planDetail values(7,'明细一',1,3);
insert into planDetail values(8,'明细2',1,3);
insert into planDetail values(9,'明细3',1,3);
现在要写出一条sql语句,获取每条计划的id,name和该计划的明细state为0的明细数量、state为1的明细数量以及state为0或者1的数量。
如果不使用decode()函数,用left join来写的话:
select t.*,a.sum1,b.sum2,c.sum3 from (
select t1.id,t1.name from plan t1
LEFT JOIN planDetail t2 on t2.planid = t1.id
GROUP BY t1.id,t1.name) t
LEFT JOIN (
-- state = 0的数量
select t1.id,t1.name, count(t2.id) sum1 from plan t1
LEFT JOIN planDetail t2 on t2.planid = t1.id
where t2.state = 0
GROUP BY t1.id,t1.name ) a on t.id = a.id
LEFT JOIN (
-- state = 1的数量
select t1.id,t1.name, count(t2.id) sum2 from plan t1
LEFT JOIN planDetail t2 on t2.planid = t1.id
where t2.state = 1
GROUP BY t1.id,t1.name ) b on t.id = b.id
LEFT JOIN (
-- state = 1或 state = 0的数量
select t1.id,t1.name, count(t2.id) sum3 from plan t1
LEFT JOIN planDetail t2 on t2.planid = t1.id
where t2.state = 1 or t2.state = 0
GROUP BY t1.id,t1.name) c on t.id = c.id
需要分别写一个sql语句来计算state不同状态的明细数量然后全部连接起来。sql语句比较长。
而使用decode()时就比较简单
select t1.id,t1.name, sum(decode(state,0,1,0)) sum1,sum(decode(state,1,1,0)) sum2,sum(decode(state,0,1,1,1,0)) sum3 from plan t1
LEFT JOIN planDetail t2 on t2.planid = t1.id
where t2.state = 1 or t2.state = 0
GROUP BY t1.id,t1.name
了