【LeetCode】 374 Guess Number Higher or Lower

题目描述

We are playing the Guess Game. The game is as follows:

I pick a number from 1 to n. You have to guess which number I picked.

Every time you guess wrong, I will tell you whether the number I picked is higher or lower than your guess.

You call a pre-defined API int guess(int num), which returns 3 possible results:

• -1: The number I picked is lower than your guess (i.e. pick < num).
• 1: The number I picked is higher than your guess (i.e. pick > num).
• 0: The number I picked is equal to your guess (i.e. pick == num).

Return the number that I picked.

Example 1:

Input: n = 10, pick = 6
Output: 6

Example 2:

Input: n = 1, pick = 1
Output: 1

Example 3:

Input: n = 2, pick = 1
Output: 1

Example 4:

Input: n = 2, pick = 2
Output: 2

Constraints:

• 1 <= n <= 231 - 1
• 1 <= pick <= n

 

解题思路

基础二分查找。

题意为A（原题中I）说一个数（x）让B（原题中You）猜，B每猜一个数（num）A就反馈是否正确，且反馈若不正确x和num的大小关系是怎样的，直到B猜出为止。

题目让写的函数int guessNumber(int n)的作用是利用题目已给的用于模拟A回答的函数int guess(int num)来模拟B的猜测过程。

查找有很多方式，从完成效率以及题目已给条件来看用二分查找解决：设首节点first和尾节点last，初始化查找范围为全范围，即初始化first=1和last=n，并计算中间数mid=(first+last)/2。令mid与被查找数x比较，若相同则查找成功；若不同则判断大小关系，若x>mid则赋值first=mid+1，若x<mid则赋值last=mid-1，以实现每次查找后都使查找范围减半，从而提升查找效率。

对于二分查找算法来说值得注意的是，二分查找的前提条件是被查找序列已在顺序状态下。

此外对于本题要注意数据规模，int不足以解决mid的计算，所以mid的类型为long long。

 

提交代码

/** 
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param  num   your guess
 * @return 	     -1 if num is lower than the guess number
 *			      1 if num is higher than the guess number
 *               otherwise return 0
 * int guess(int num);
 */

class Solution 
{
public:
    int guessNumber(int n) 
    {
        long long first=1, last=n;
        long long mid;
        
        if(guess(n)==0) return n;
        
        while(1)
        {
            mid=(first+last)/2;
            if(guess(mid)==0) return mid;
            if(guess(mid)==-1)
                last=mid-1;
            if(guess(mid)==1)
                first=mid+1;
            if(first>last) break;
        }
        return mid;
    }
};

 

心得

第一次用LeetCode，只写一半代码很不适应，本来想本地写个完整的，但这两天太忙时间不允许。如果题目难的话大概还是得先自己写完整的再粘贴过来吧。