2020/3/3 IO（第二部分）

IO

一、缓冲流

1、字节缓冲流

①字节缓冲流拷贝

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("day26-code\\aaa\\b.txt"));
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("day26-code\\aaa\\c.txt"));
        int b;
        while ((b = bis.read()) != -1) {
            bos.write(b);
        }
        bos.close();
        bis.close();
    }
}

public class Test1 {
    /*改进*/
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("day26-code\\aaa\\b.txt"));
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("day26-code\\aaa\\d.txt"));
        int len;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        while ((len = bis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
            bos.write(bytes, 0, len);
        }
        bos.close();
        bis.close();
    }
}

②缓冲区原理

通过在内存中创建缓冲区，降低了IO次数，由于内存的速度比IO快很多，这样就加快了传输的速度，属于空间换时间的思想

2、字符缓冲流

①字符流本来就带有缓冲池，所以字符缓冲流主要用处是使用其特有的一些方法，

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("day26-code\\aaa\\b.txt"));
        String line;
        while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(line);
        }
        br.close();
    }
}

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("day26-code\\aaa\\e.txt"));
        bw.write("你嘴角上扬的样子");
        bw.newLine();
        bw.write("百度搜索不到");
        bw.newLine();
        bw.close();
    }
}

②注意加上续写参数的时候，参数是加在FileWriter初始化当中的，不要写到BufferedWriter中

③缓冲区的大小，对于字节流而言是8192个字节也就是8KB，对于字符流而言是8192个字符，注意严谨

④练习：给出师表排序

public class Test3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("day26-code\\aaa\\csb.txt"));
        TreeMap<Integer, String> tm = new TreeMap<>();
        String line;
        while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
            String[] arr = line.split("\\.");
            tm.put(Integer.parseInt(arr[0]), arr[1]);
        }
        br.close();
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("day26-code\\aaa\\csb1.txt"));
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry : tm.entrySet()) {
            bw.write(entry.getKey() + "." + entry.getValue());
            bw.newLine();
        }
        bw.close();
    }
}

二、转换流

用于连接字节流和字符流

1、指定字符集读写

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("day26-code\\aaa\\gbkfile.txt"), "GBK");
        int ch;
        while ((ch = isr.read()) != -1) {
            System.out.print((char) ch);
        }
        isr.close();
    }
}

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("day26-code\\aaa\\gbkfile.txt"), "GBK");
        OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("day26-code\\aaa\\utffile.txt"), "UTF-8");
        int ch;
        while ((ch = isr.read()) != -1) {
            osw.write(ch);
        }
        osw.close();
        isr.close();
    }
}

但是这种情况下可以使用字符流更加简单

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileReader fr = new FileReader("day26-code\\aaa\\gbkfile.txt", Charset.forName("GBK"));
        int ch;
        while ((ch = fr.read()) != -1) {
            System.out.print((char) ch);
        }
        fr.close();
    }
}

2、字节流想要使用字符流中的方法

例如想要用字节流每次读取一行数据，而且不能出现乱码

public class Test3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("day26-code\\aaa\\utffile.txt")));
        String line;
        while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(line);
        }
        br.close();
    }
}

三、序列化流和反序列化流

1、序列化流

①标记性接口

②定义序列版本号

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Student st = new Student("zhangsan", 23);
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("day26-code\\object.txt"));
        oos.writeObject(st);
        oos.close();
    }
}

2、反序列化流

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("day26-code\\object.txt"));
        Object o = ois.readObject();
        ois.close();
        System.out.println(o);
    }
}

①瞬态关键字 transient

瞬态关键字修饰的变量，不会被序列化

3、总结

4、批量序列化和反序列化

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        Teacher t1 = new Teacher("zhangsan", 23, "南京");
        Teacher t2 = new Teacher("lisi", 25, "江西");
        Teacher t3 = new Teacher("wangwu", 26, "河北");
        ArrayList<Teacher> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(t1);
        list.add(t2);
        list.add(t3);
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("day26-code\\teacher.txt"));
        oos.writeObject(list);
        oos.close();
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("day26-code\\teacher.txt"));
        ArrayList<Teacher> listResult = (ArrayList<Teacher>) ois.readObject();
        System.out.println(listResult);
    }
}

四、字节打印流和字符打印流

打印流只能写不能读

1、字节打印流

2、字符打印流

3、标准输出流（系统打印流）PrintStream

五、解压缩流和压缩流

1、解压缩流

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File f1 = new File("D:\\src.zip");
        File f2 = new File("D:\\mysrc");
        unzip(f1, f2);
    }

    private static void unzip(File src, File dest) throws IOException {
        ZipInputStream zis = new ZipInputStream(new FileInputStream(src));
        ZipEntry zipEntry;
        while ((zipEntry = zis.getNextEntry()) != null) {
            if (zipEntry.isDirectory()) {
                File file = new File(dest, zipEntry.toString());
                file.mkdirs();
            } else {
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(dest, zipEntry.toString()));
                int b;
                while ((b = zis.read()) != -1) {
                    fos.write(b);
                }
                fos.close();
                zis.closeEntry();
            }
        }
        zis.close();
    }
}

2、压缩流

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File src = new File("D:\\dest\\a.txt");
        File zip = new File("D:\\");
        tozip(src, zip);
    }

    private static void tozip(File src, File zip) throws IOException {
        ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File(zip, "a.zip")));
        ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry("a.txt");
        zos.putNextEntry(entry);
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(src);
        int b;
        while ((b = fis.read()) != -1) {
            zos.write(b);
        }
        fis.close();
        zos.closeEntry();
        zos.close();
    }
}

3、压缩文件夹

public class Test5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File src = new File("D:\\src");
        File destParent = src.getParentFile();
        File dest = new File(destParent, src.getName() + ".zip");
        ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(dest));
        zipDic(src, zos, src.getName());
        zos.close();
    }
    /*
    * 参数name用于记录相对于entry的路径
    * */
    private static void zipDic(File src, ZipOutputStream zos, String name) throws IOException {
        File[] files = src.listFiles();
        if (files != null) {
            for (File file : files) {
                if (file.isFile()) {
                    ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(name + "\\" + file.getName());
                    zos.putNextEntry(entry);
                    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
                    int b;
                    while ((b = fis.read()) != -1) {
                        zos.write(b);
                    }
                    fis.close();
                    zos.closeEntry();
                } else {
                    zipDic(file, zos, name + "\\" + file.getName());
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

六、Commons-io

工具包，前面学的全都有，经典白学，嘻嘻^^

七、Hotool

工具包，前面学的全都有，经典白学，嘻嘻^^