The Linux Programming Interface 03 System Programming Concepts 系统编程观念

The Linux Programming Interface

System Programming Concepts

(1) 本节主要概括

Whenever we make a system call or call a library function, we should always check the return status of the call in order to determine if it was successful. We describe how to perform such checks, and present a set of functions that are used in most of the example programs in this book to diagnose errors from system calls and library functions.

（2）系统调用

比较难，设计操作寄存器，抽象理解。

If the return of the system call service routine indicated an error, the wrapper function sets the global variable errno using this value. The wrapper function then returns to the caller, providing an integer return value indicating the success or failure of the system call.

When a negative value is returned, the C library wrapper function negates it(to make it positive), copies the result into errno, and returns -1 as the function result of the wrapper to indicate an error to the calling program.

(3) 打印glibc的版本，可以调用gnu_get_libc_version()函数

  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <gnu/libc-version.h>
  
  int main() {
      printf("%s\n", gnu_get_libc_version());
      return 0;
  }

输出： 2.19

（4）Handing Errors from System Calls and Library Functions

Many hours of debugging time can be wasted because a check was not made on the status return of a system call or library function that "couldn't possibly fail".

fd = open(pathname, f