Android中三种常用的布局

分别是LinearLayout , RelativeLayout, 和FrameLayout

linear　layout有水平和竖直之分可以嵌套

三种常用的属性关系

• android:gravity - Controls the alignment of the view content (akin to text-align in CSS)
• android:layout_gravity - Controls the alignment of the view within it's parent container (akin to float in CSS)
• android:layout_weight - Specifies how much of the extra space in the layout to be allocated to a view.

margin用户控制元素之间的空格大小。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <TextView
        android:text="Email"
        android:padding="5dp"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>


    <LinearLayout
        android:weightSum="5"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <ImageButton
        android:src="@android:drawable/ic_menu_add"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="2"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
    <ImageButton
        android:src="@android:drawable/ic_input_add"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="3"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@color/colorPrimary"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="match_parent"
                    android:paddingLeft="16dp"
                    android:paddingRight="16dp" >
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/name"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:hint="@string/reminder" />
        <Spinner
            android:id="@+id/dates"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_below="@id/name"
            android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
            android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/times" />
        <Spinner
            android:id="@id/times"
            android:layout_width="96dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_below="@id/name"
            android:layout_alignParentRight="true" />
        <Button
            android:layout_width="96dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_below="@id/times"
            android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
            android:text="@string/done" />
    </RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>

RelativeLayout重要的属性

依靠元素之间的相对位置进行布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent">


    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="1245678901234567890"
        android:id="@+id/button1"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="CANCEL IT"
        android:id="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_below="@id/button1"
        android:layout_alignLeft="@id/button1" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@id/button2"
        android:height="200dp"
        android:text="1245678901234567890"
        android:id="@+id/button3"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignTop="@+id/button3"
        android:text="CANCEL IT"
        android:id="@+id/button4"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@id/button3" />

</RelativeLayout>

FrameLayout Z－order布局形式，后面的元素会覆盖前面的元素。

In a frame layout, the children are displayed with a z-index in the order of how they appear. Put simply, the last child added to a FrameLayout will be drawn on top of all the previous children.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout

    android:id="@+id/frame_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <!-- Child1 is drawn first -->
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/child1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:contentDescription="Image"
        android:src="@android:drawable/ic_menu_camera" />
    <!-- Child2 is drawn over Child1 -->
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/child2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Child 2"
        android:layout_gravity="top|left" />
    <!-- Child3 is drawn over Child1 and Child2 -->
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/child3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Child 3"
        android:layout_gravity="top|right" />
</FrameLayout>