MYSQL时间日期函数

日期函数

#返回当前系统日期+时间
select Now();

#返回当前系统日期
select curdate();

#返回当前系统时间
select curtime();

#获取制定部分：年、月、日、小时、分钟
select Year(NOW());
Select Year(‘日期字段’);
Select Year(‘1998-1-1’);

Select Month();
#返回英文名
Select MONTHNAME(‘1998-1-1’);

时间转换函数

• 日期转换天数函数：to_days(date)
• 天数转换日期函数：from_days(days)
• 时间转换秒函数：time_to_sec(time),
• 秒转换时间函数sec_to_time(seconds)

## to_days（)  
select to_days('0000-00-00'); -- 0
select to_days('2008-08-08'); -- 733627

## from_days()
select from_days(733627)；-- 2008-08-08

## time_to_sec(time) 
select time_to_sec('01:00:05'); -- 3605

## sec_to_time(seconds)
select sec_to_time(3605); -- '01:00:05'

拼凑日期、时间函数

• 拼凑日期函数：makdedate(year,day of year)
• 拼凑时间函数：maketime(hour,minute,second)

select makedate(2001,31); -- '2001-01-31'
select makedate(2001,32); -- '2001-02-01'
select maketime(12,15,30); -- '12:15:30'

#（Unix 时间戳、日期）转换函数

• MySQL （Unix 时间戳、日期）转换函数
• unix_timestamp()
• unix_timestamp(date)
• from_unixtime(unix_timestamp)
• from_unixtime(unix_timestamp,format)

select unix_timestamp(); -- 1218290027
select unix_timestamp('2008-08-08'); -- 1218124800
select unix_timestamp('2008-08-08 12:30:00'); -- 1218169800

select from_unixtime(1218290027); -- '2008-08-09 21:53:47'
select from_unixtime(1218124800); -- '2008-08-08 00:00:00'
select from_unixtime(1218169800); -- '2008-08-08 12:30:00'

select from_unixtime(1218169800, '%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x'); -- '2008 8th August 12:30:00 2008'

时间计算函数

date_add() 为日期增加一个时间间隔

set @dt = now();

select date_add(@dt, interval 1 day); -- add 1 day
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 hour); -- add 1 hour
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 minute); -- ...
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 second);
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 microsecond);
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 week);
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 month);
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 quarter);
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 year);

select date_add(@dt, interval -1 day); -- sub 1 day

• adddate(), addtime()函数，可以用 date_add() 来替代。下面是 date_add() 实现 addtime() 功能示例：

mysql> set @dt = '2008-08-09 12:12:33';

mysql>
mysql> select date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second);

+------------------------------------------------+
| date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second) |
+------------------------------------------------+
| 2008-08-09 13:28:03 |
+------------------------------------------------+

mysql> select date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second);

+-------------------------------------------------+
| date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second) |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 2008-08-10 13:28:03 |
+-------------------------------------------------+

date_sub()：为日期减去一个时间间隔

mysql> select date_sub('1998-01-01 00:00:00', interval '1 1:1:1' day_second);

+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| date_sub('1998-01-01 00:00:00', interval '1 1:1:1' day_second) |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1997-12-30 22:58:59 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+

日期、时间相减函数：datediff(date1,date2), timediff(time1,time2)

MySQL 时间戳（timestamp）转换、增、减函数：

timestamp(date) -- date to timestamp
timestamp(dt,time) -- dt + time
timestampadd(unit,interval,datetime_expr) --
timestampdiff(unit,datetime_expr1,datetime_expr2) --

select timestamp('2008-08-08'); -- 2008-08-08 00:00:00
select timestamp('2008-08-08 08:00:00', '01:01:01'); -- 2008-08-08 09:01:01
select timestamp('2008-08-08 08:00:00', '10 01:01:01'); -- 2008-08-18 09:01:01

select timestampadd(day, 1, '2008-08-08 08:00:00'); -- 2008-08-09 08:00:00
select date_add('2008-08-08 08:00:00', interval 1 day); -- 2008-08-09 08:00:00

MySQL timestampadd() 函数类似于 date_add()。

select timestampdiff(year,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01'); -- -1
select timestampdiff(day ,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01'); -- -485
select timestampdiff(hour,'2008-08-08 12:00:00','2008-08-08 00:00:00'); -- -12

select datediff('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '2008-08-01 00:00:00'); -- 7

MySQL timestampdiff() 函数就比 datediff() 功能强多了，datediff() 只能计算两个日期（date）之间相差的天数。

• MySQL 时区（timezone）转换函数
  convert_tz(dt,from_tz,to_tz)

select convert_tz('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '+08:00', '+00:00'); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00
时区转换也可以通过 date_add, date_sub, timestampadd 来实现。

select date_add('2008-08-08 12:00:00', interval -8 hour); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00
select date_sub('2008-08-08 12:00:00', interval 8 hour); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00
select timestampadd(hour, -8, '2008-08-08 12:00:00'); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00