Vue3
npm init vite
特性:
- 组合式 API
- Teleport
- 片段(Fragment)
- 触发组件选项
- 单文件组件组合式 API 语法糖 (script setup)
- 生命周期钩子
- Suspense
Vite与Webpack
- webpack打包是递归依赖,构建AST抽象语法树,再把抽象语法树转成浏览器可识别的代码
Vite通过劫持浏览器请求,将文件进行分解和整合,无需打包编译,速度很快。 - webpack使用NodeJS实现,Vite使用Go语言编写的esbuild预构建依赖,速度快至少10倍。
- webpack生态更加强大,插件丰富,Vite伴随Vue3刚刚诞生,还需要沉淀和版本迭代。
main.js发生的变化
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
createApp(App).mount('#app')
index.html
vite通过html5原生的type=”module”属性来支持ES6的模块化语法
<script type="module" src="/src/main.js"></script>
子传父/父传子
<!--
子传父::list="gogo"
1. 将子元素引入 :import son from "./son.vue";
2. 设置要传递的值 :let gogo = [1, 2, 3];
3. 将子元素放到明面上:<son :list="gogo"></son>
4. 去子页面拿到父页面传来的值 :props: ["list"],setup(props){。。。}
5. 在子元素上写入<p>{{ 从父元素拿到的值 }}</p>
-->
<!--
父传子:
1. 将子元素引入 :import son from "./son.vue";
2. 设置要接收传递的标签:<son @newTodo="play"></son>
3. 给父元素创建一个函数,获得的数据来自子元素:let play = (name) => {}
4. 子元素设置触发标签 :<button @click="play">你好</button>
5. 子元素设置响应事件 : let play = function (name) {context.emit("newTodo", name);}
-->
<!-- 父组件 -->
<template>
<!-- 允许有多个根标签 -->
<div>
<p>123</p>
<son :list="gogo" @newTodo="play"></son>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import son from "./son.vue";
export default {
setup() {
let gogo = [1, 2, 3];
let play = (name) => {
alert("你好:" + name);
};
return {
gogo,
play,
};
},
components: {
son,
},
};
</script>
<!-- 子组件 -->
<template>
<p>123</p>
<p>{{ gogo }}</p>
<button @click="play">你好</button>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: ["list"],
setup(props, context) {
let gogo = props.list;
// let plays = ;
let play = function (name) {
name = "李尚恒";
context.emit("newTodo", name);
};
return {
gogo,
play,
};
},
};
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss"></style>
响应式数据之ref
- 创建一个普通的响应式数据
<template>
<p>{{ a }}</p>
</template>
<script>
import { reactive, ref, toRefs } from "vue";
export default {
setup() {
var a = ref(123);
console.log(a.value);
a.value = 456;
return {
a,
};
},
};
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss"></style>
- 给某个标签或组件添加ref,可以获得该组件/标签
响应式数据之 reactive
想创建一个响应式的对象时,使用reactive
reactive:反应
<template>
{{ obj.name }}--{{ obj.age }}
<br />
<input type="text" v-model="obj.name" />
<input type="number" v-model="obj.age" />
</template>
<script>
import { reactive } from "@vue/reactivity";
export default {
setup() {
var obj = reactive({
name: "",
age: "",
});
return {
obj,
};
},
};
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss"></style>
计算属性computed
<!-- computed -->
<template>
<input type="text" v-model="aaa" placeholder="原数据" />
<p>{{ aaa }}</p>
<p>{{ bbb }}</p>
</template>
<script>
import { computed, ref } from "vue";
export default {
setup() {
let aaa = ref(null);
let bbb = computed(() => {
return aaa.value * 2;
});
return {
aaa,
bbb,
};
},
};
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss"></style>
监视器 watch
<script>
import { computed, ref, watch } from "vue";
export default {
setup() {
let aaa = ref(null);
let bbb = computed(() => {
return aaa.value * 2;
});
watch(
aaa,
(newValue, oldValue) => {
console.log(newValue);
console.log(oldValue);
},
{ immdiate: true, deep: true }
);
return {
aaa,
bbb,
};
},
};
</script>
监视器 watchEffect
<script>
import { computed, ref, watch, watchEffect } from "vue";
export default {
setup() {
let aaa = ref(null);
let bbb = computed(() => {
return aaa.value * 2;
});
watch(
aaa,
(newValue, oldValue) => {
console.log(newValue);
console.log(oldValue);
},
{ immdiate: true, deep: true }
);
//
watchEffect(() => {
console.log(aaa.value, bbb.value);
});
return {
aaa,
bbb,
};
},
};
</script>
钩子函数
Vue2 | Vue3 |
---|---|
beforeCreate | setup |
created | setup |
beforeMount | onBeforeMount |
mounted | onMounted |
beforeUpdate | onBeforeUpdate |
updated | onUpdated |
beforeDestroy | onBeforeUnmount |
destoryed | onUnmounted |
activated | onActivatide |
deactivated | onDeactivatide |
errorCaptured | onErrorCaptured |
on | |
provide/inject
<!-- 父组件 -->
setup() {
provide("color", "color : red");
}
<!-- 子孙组件 -->
<p :style="colors">XXX</p>
······js代码
setup() {
let colors = inject("color");
}
······
Hooks
方法:在src下创建Hooks文件夹
目的:将计算与页面分离
hooks页面下创建num标签
import { ref, computed } from 'vue'
export default function (num = 100) {
let num1 = ref(num)
let num2 = computed(() => num1.value * 2)
const jia = () => {
num1.value++
}
const jian = () => {
num1.value--
}
return {
num1, num2, jia, jian
}
}
<template>
<p>原数据{{ num1 }}</p>
<p>加倍{{ num2 }}</p>
<button @click="jian">-</button> -- <button @click="jia">+</button>
</template>
<script>
import { reactive, toRefs } from "vue";
import aaa from "../hooks/num";
export default {
setup() {
let { num1, num2, jia, jian } = aaa();
return { num1, num2, jia, jian };
},
};
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss"></style>
Teleport(瞬移)
概念:将子组件或deom节点插入到任何你想插入的HTML标签中
<template>
<p class="aaa">原数据</p>
<p>加倍{{ num2 }}</p>
<button @click="jian">-</button>
<button @click="jia">+</button>
<Teleport to=".aaa"><span>{{ num1 }}</span> </Teleport>
</template>
Suspense(不确定的)
场景:给某个组件的setup加上了async,导致这个组件变成了异步组件,普通的引入是无效的
作用:Suspense帮助我们正确的显示异步组件内容
<Suspense>
<template v-show:default>
<异步组件></异步组件>
</template>
<template v-show:fallback>
Loading[当异步组件无法显示时,显示的内容]
</template>
</Suspense>
1.创建hooks.async.js返回异步结果
export default function () {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve('success')
}, 2000)
})
}
<!-- 2. 引入async.js,获取异步结果。给setup加上async之后,当前组件成为异步组件 -->
<template>
<div>{{red}}</div>
</template>
<script>
import async from "../hooks/async";
export default {
async setup() {
let red = await async();
return {
red,
};
},
};
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss"></style>
router
安装:npm i vue-router@4
在routers/index.js下写
import { createRouter, createWebHashHistory, createWebHistory } from "vue-router";
import A from '../views/a.vue'
export default createRouter({
// 代替vue-router3里的mode
history: createWebHistory(), // history模式,不带#(模式必须指定)
// history:createWebHashHistory(), // hash模式,带#
routes: [
{
path: '/',
redirect: '/a'
},
{
path: '/a',
component: A
},
{
path: '/b',
component: () => import('../views/b.vue')
},
{
path: '/c/:ids', // 传参
component: () => import('../views/c.vue')
}
]
})
<template>
<router-view></router-view>
<hr />
<router-link to="/a">a</router-link>
<router-link to="/b">b</router-link>
<!-- <router-link to='/c/1234'>c</router-link> -->
<button @click="toC">c</button>
</template>
<script>
import { useRouter } from "vue-router";
export default {
setup() {
const router = useRouter(); //实例化router,用来跳转的
// const route = useRoute();
let toC = () => {
return router.push("/c/123");
};
return {
toC,
};
},
};
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss"></style>
子页面:编程式导航
<template>c.vue--{{ ids }}</template>
<script>
import { useRoute } from "vue-router";
export default {
setup() {
const route = useRoute(); //用来接收参数
return { ids: route.params.ids };
},
};
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss"></style>
Vuex
安装:npm i vuex@next -S
axios
- npm install axios
- 封装axios请求
在src目录下建立 utils文件夹,并在utils文件夹里面新建request.js
import Axios from 'axios'
const axios = Axios.create({
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
},
timeout: 60000, // 超时
baseURL: 'http://localhost:8080' // 请求接口地址,这里使用本项目地址,因为我们是前后端分离,后面需要在vue.config.js里面配置代理,实际请求得地址不是这个。
})
// 请求拦截
axios.interceptors.request.use(req => {
if (req.method === 'get') {
const url = req.url
const t = new Date().getTime()
if (url.indexOf('?') >= 0) {
req.url = `${url}&t=${t}`
} else {
req.url = `${url}?t=${t}`
}
}
return req
})
// 响应拦截
axios.interceptors.response.use(
response => {
return response.data
},
error => {
// 响应失败统一处理
const { response } = error
if (response) {
switch (response.status) {
case 400:
window.$vm.$message.error('请求无效')
break
case 401:
window.$vm.$message.error({ message: '尚未登录请重新登录' })
break
case 403:
window.$vm.$message.error('您没有权限这样做,请联系管理员')
break
case 404:
window.$vm.$message.error('请求未找到')
break
case 500:
window.$vm.$message.error('系统异常')
break
case 504:
window.$vm.$message.error('请求超时,请稍后再试')
break
default:
window.$vm.$message.error('系统异常')
break
}
}
return Promise.reject(error)
}
)
export default axios
3、创建api文件
在src目录下创建api文件夹,存放请求接口信息,在api文件夹下创建一个article.js
import request from '@/utils/request' // 引入封装得axios
// 获取新闻列表
export function getArticleList (data) {
return request({
url: '/web/getArticleList',
method: 'POST',
data
})
}
4、配置代理
在项目根目录下创建vue.config.js文件,代码如下,target需要配置你实际请求的接口地址域名,这样就可以通过代理请求到后台接口数据
module.exports = {
devServer: {
proxy: {
'/web': {
target: 'http://api.xxxxxxx.cn',
changeOrigin: true
}
}
}
}
5、在页面中使用