SpringIOC容器的依赖注入发生在用户第一次向IOC容器获取Bean时。除在BeanDefinition中设置lazy-init属性让容器完成bean的预实例化。我们在前面《Spring-IOC容器接口设计与功能》中曾讲过,容器BeanFactory通过getBean方法获取Bean。所以这篇文章,我们将从getBean()方法入手分析SpringIOC容器依赖注入的过程。
以DefaultListableBeanFactory的基类AbstractBeanFactory为例:
/**
* 返回指定bean的实例,该实例可以是共享的或独立的。
* @param name 要检索的bean的名称
* @param requiredType 要检索的bean的所需类型
* @param args 使用显式参数创建bean实例时要使用的参数(仅在创建新实例而不是检索现有实例时应用)
* @param typeCheckOnly 是否为类型检查而不是为实际使用而获取实例
* @return bean实例
* @throws BeansException bean不能被创建时抛出异常
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected <T> T doGetBean(
final String name, final Class<T> requiredType, final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
throws BeansException {
final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
Object bean;
// 仔细检查单例缓存中手动注册的单例。
// 先从缓存中获取bean,处理那些已经被创建过的单例的bean,这些bean无需重复创建
Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
}
else {
logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
}
// 处理FactoryBean
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
}
else {
// 如果我们已经在创建这个bean实例,则失败:
// 我们可以肯定在一个循环引用中
if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
}
// 检查BeanDefinition是否在容器中。
// 检查能否在当前BeanFactory中取得需要的bean。
// 如果当前工厂中取不到,则到双亲BeanFactory中取;如果当前双亲工厂中取不到,就顺着双亲beanFactory链一直向上查找
BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
// Not found -> check parent.
String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
if (args != null) {
// 委派给具有参数的父级
return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
}
else {
// 没有参数 -> 委派给标准getBean方法.
return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
}
}
if (!typeCheckOnly) {
markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
}
try {
// 根据bean名字取得BeanDefinition
final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);
// 保证当前bean依赖的bean初始化.
String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
if (dependsOn != null) {
for (String dep : dependsOn) {
if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
}
registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
getBean(dep);
}
}
// 这里通过调用createBean方法创建Singleton bean的实例。通过回调函数getSingleton调用
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
@Override
public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
destroySingleton(beanName);
throw ex;
}
}
});
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
// 创建prototype类型 bean 的地方
else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
Object prototypeInstance = null;
try {
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
else {
String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
if (scope == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
}
try {
Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
@Override
public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
}
});
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
ex);
}
}
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
throw ex;
}
}
// 对创建的bean进行类型检查
// Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
if (requiredType != null && bean != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
try {
return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
}
catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
}
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
}
}
return (T) bean;
}
从代码中我们看到一个整体的框架,getBean是依赖注入的入口,下面我们将通过createBean方法了解注入的整个实现过程。在这个过程中,会根据BeanDefinition的要求生成Bean对象,同时对Bean初始化。
AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类:
/**
* 此类的中心方法:创建一个bean实例,填充bean实例,应用后处理器等
* @see #doCreateBean
*/
@Override
protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
RootBeanDefinition mbdToUse = mbd;
// 确保此时bean类实际上已解析,并克隆bean定义,以防动态解析的class无法存储在共享的合并bean定义中。
Class<?> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) {
mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd);
mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass);
}
// 准备方法重写
try {
mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides();
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(),
beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);
}
try {
// 让BeanPostProcessors有机会返回代理而不是目标bean实例.
Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
if (bean != null) {
return bean;
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
}
// 创建Bean实例
Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
return beanInstance;
}
AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory 类:
/**
* 实际上创建指定的bean。
* 此时已经进行了预创建处理,例如检查{@code postProcessBeforeInstantation}回调。
* 区分默认bean实例化、使用工厂方法和自动连接构造函数。
* @param beanName Bean的名字
* @param mbd 合并后的BeanDefinition
* @param args 用于构造函数或工厂方法调用的显式参数
* @return bean的新实例
* @throws Bean不能创建时抛出BeanCreationException异常
* @see #instantiateBean
* @see #instantiateUsingFactoryMethod
* @see #autowireConstructor
*/
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
// 实例化bean,instanceWrapper用来持有创建出来的Bean对象
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
// 如果是单例,先把缓存中同名Bean移除
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
}
// 这里是创建bean的地方,由createBeanInstance完成
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
// 获取创建好的Bean
final Object bean = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance() : null);
// 获取Bean类型
Class<?> beanType = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass() : null);
mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
// 允许后处理器修改合并的bean定义。
synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
try {
applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
}
mbd.postProcessed = true;
}
}
// 缓存单例以解决循环引用问题,提前暴露引用
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
addSingletonFactory(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
@Override
public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
return getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean);
}
});
}
// 初始化Bean实例,依赖注入发生在这里;
// exposedObject在初始化处理完成后会返回作为依赖注入完成后的Bean
Object exposedObject = bean;
try {
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
if (exposedObject != null) {
exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
}
else {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
}
}
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
if (exposedObject == bean) {
exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
}
else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<String>(dependentBeans.length);
for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
}
}
if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
"Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
"] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
"wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
"bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
"'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
}
}
}
}
// Register bean as disposable.
try {
registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
}
return exposedObject;
}
从上面我们可以看到,与依赖注入相关的两个方法:createBeanInstance()和populateBean(),下面我们看看这两个方法:
todo :