目录
场景
线程A输出A,线程B输出B,同时启动线程A和线程B让其输出ABABAB……
线程A输出A,线程B输出B,线程C输出C,同时启动这三个线程让其输出ABCABCABC……
同时启动多个线程输出ABABAB
利用Object的wait()、notify()实现ABABAB……
这种方式的特点是,调用wait()、notify()之前必须使用synchronize绑定住被wait/notify的对象。所以,我们定义了一个单独的PrintAB类,在该类中实现打印A、打印B的方法,然后线程A、线程B引用PrintAB对象,调用对应的打印方法。
代码示例:
/**
* 利用Object对象的wait()、notify()来实现
*
* @author wanglingqiang
* @date 2020/7/18 下午3:28
**/
public class PrintAB_Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
PrintAB printAB = new PrintAB();
new ThreadA(printAB).start();
new ThreadB(printAB).start();
}
static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private PrintAB printAB;
public ThreadA(PrintAB printAB) {
this.printAB = printAB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printAB.printA();
}
}
}
static class ThreadB extends Thread {
private PrintAB printAB;
public ThreadB(PrintAB printAB) {
this.printAB = printAB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printAB.printB();
}
}
}
static class PrintAB {
private boolean flag = true;
public synchronized void printA() {
while (!flag) {
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.print("A");
flag = false;
this.notify();
}
public synchronized void printB() {
while (flag) {
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.print("B ");
flag = true;
this.notify();
}
}
}
运行结果:
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java
AB AB AB AB AB
Process finished with exit code 0
PrintAB里打印A、打印B的方法,必须使用synchronize同步,否者会报异常:
java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException
at java.lang.Object.notify(Native Method)
在Object的notify()方法的JavaDoc中有相关的解释: A thread becomes the owner of the object’s monitor in one of three ways:
- By executing a synchronized instance method of that object.
- By executing the body of a synchronized statement that synchronizes on the object.
- For objects of type Class, by executing a synchronized static method of that class.
说白了,就是需要在调用wait()或者notify()之前,必须使用synchronized绑定住被wait/notify的对象。
利用Lock、Condition的await()、signal()实现ABABAB……
这种方式的实现特点是,打印不依赖第三方对象,每个线程自己实现打印的方法,方法里打印完唤醒对方、自己等待;把flag参数需要设置成全局静态的变量。
之所以可以去掉方式一定义PrintAB类,是因为Condition(配合Lock锁使用)能够支持多个等待队列(new 多个Condition对象),而Object方式只能支持一个(因为不管是synchronize方法还是代码块对象代码块类Class,只能针对一个目标)。
/**
* 利用Lock、Condition的await()、signal()实现
* 每个线程自己实现打印的方法,打印不依赖第三方对象
* flag参数需要设置成全局静态的变量
*
* @author wanglingqiang
* @date 2020/7/18 下午3:53
**/
public class PrintAB_Test2 {
private static boolean flag; //全局静态的变量
public static void main(String[] args) {
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();
new ThreadA(lock, conditionA, conditionB).start();
new ThreadB(lock, conditionA, conditionB).start();
}
static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private Lock lock;
private Condition conditionA;
private Condition conditionB;
public ThreadA(Lock lock, Condition conditionA, Condition conditionB){
this.lock = lock;
this.conditionA = conditionA;
this.conditionB = conditionB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock.lock();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
if (flag) {
conditionA.await(); //a等待
}
System.out.print("A");
flag = true;
conditionB.signal(); //b唤醒
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
static class ThreadB extends Thread {
private Lock lock;
private Condition conditionA;
private Condition conditionB;
public ThreadB(Lock lock, Condition conditionA, Condition conditionB){
this.lock = lock;
this.conditionA = conditionA;
this.conditionB = conditionB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock.lock();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
if (!flag) {
conditionB.await(); //b等待
}
System.out.print("B ");
flag = false;
conditionA.signal(); //a唤醒
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
运行结果:
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java
AB AB AB AB AB
Process finished with exit code 0
同时启动多个线程输出ABCABC
利用Object的wait()、notify()实现ABCABC……
线程A输出A,线程B输出B,线程C输出C,同时启动三个线程让其输出ABCABCABC……
true/false已不满足,我们通过%3取余来切换等待唤醒。
public class PrintAB_Test3 {
private static int count = 0; //全局静态的变量
public static void main(String[] args) {
PrintAB printAB = new PrintAB();
new ThreadA(printAB).start();
new ThreadB(printAB).start();
new ThreadC(printAB).start();
}
static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private PrintAB printAB;
public ThreadA(PrintAB printAB) {
this.printAB = printAB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printAB.printA();
}
}
}
static class ThreadB extends Thread {
private PrintAB printAB;
public ThreadB(PrintAB printAB) {
this.printAB = printAB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printAB.printB();
}
}
}
static class ThreadC extends Thread {
private PrintAB printAB;
public ThreadC(PrintAB printAB) {
this.printAB = printAB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printAB.printC();
}
}
}
static class PrintAB {
public synchronized void printA() {
try {
while (count % 3 != 0) {
this.wait();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.print("A");
count++;
this.notifyAll();
}
public synchronized void printB() {
try {
while (count % 3 != 1) {
this.wait();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.print("B");
count++;
this.notifyAll();
}
public synchronized void printC() {
try {
while (count % 3 != 2) {
this.wait();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.print("C ");
count++;
this.notifyAll();
}
}
}
运行结果:
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java
ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC
Process finished with exit code 0
利用Lock、Condition的await()、signal()实现ABCABC……
线程A输出A,线程B输出B,线程C输出C,同时启动三个线程让其输出ABCABCABC……
这里还是使用方式二的Condition的await()、signal()实现,不同点在于3个线程比较切换,true/false已不满足,我们通过%3取余来切换等待唤醒。
/**
* 利用Lock、Condition的await()、signal()实现
* 每个线程自己实现打印的方法,打印不依赖第三方对象
* count参数需要设置成全局静态的变量
* 3个线程比较切换,方式二的true/false已不满足,我们通过%3取余来切换等待唤醒
*
* @author wanglingqiang
* @date 2020/7/18 下午3:53
*/
public class PrintAB_Test4 {
private static int count = 0; //全局静态的变量
public static void main(String[] args) {
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();
Condition conditionC = lock.newCondition();
new ThreadA(lock, conditionA, conditionB).start();
new ThreadB(lock, conditionB, conditionC).start();
new ThreadC(lock, conditionC, conditionA).start();
}
static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private Lock lock;
private Condition conditionA;
private Condition conditionB;
public ThreadA(Lock lock, Condition conditionA, Condition conditionB) {
this.lock = lock;
this.conditionA = conditionA;
this.conditionB = conditionB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock.lock();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
while (count % 3 != 0) {//注意这里是不等于0,也就是说没轮到该线程执行,之前一直等待状态
conditionA.await(); //该线程A将会释放lock锁,构造成节点加入等待队列并进入等待状态
}
System.out.print("A");
count++;
conditionB.signal(); // A执行完唤醒B线程
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
static class ThreadB extends Thread {
private Lock lock;
private Condition conditionC;
private Condition conditionB;
public ThreadB(Lock lock, Condition conditionB, Condition conditionC) {
this.lock = lock;
this.conditionC = conditionC;
this.conditionB = conditionB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock.lock();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
while (count % 3 != 1) {
conditionB.await();// B释放lock锁,当前面A线程执行后会通过B.signal()唤醒该线程
}
System.out.print("B");
count++;
conditionC.signal();// B执行完唤醒C线程
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
static class ThreadC extends Thread {
private Lock lock;
private Condition conditionC;
private Condition conditionA;
public ThreadC(Lock lock, Condition conditionC, Condition conditionA) {
this.lock = lock;
this.conditionC = conditionC;
this.conditionA = conditionA;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock.lock();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
while (count % 3 != 2) {
conditionC.await();// C释放lock锁
}
System.out.print("C ");
count++;
conditionA.signal();// C执行完唤醒A线程
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
运行结果:
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java
ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC
Process finished with exit code 0
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