同时启动多个线程输出ABABAB或者ABCABCABC

场景

线程A输出A,线程B输出B,同时启动线程A和线程B让其输出ABABAB……
线程A输出A,线程B输出B,线程C输出C,同时启动这三个线程让其输出ABCABCABC……


同时启动多个线程输出ABABAB

利用Object的wait()、notify()实现ABABAB……

这种方式的特点是,调用wait()、notify()之前必须使用synchronize绑定住被wait/notify的对象。所以,我们定义了一个单独的PrintAB类,在该类中实现打印A、打印B的方法,然后线程A、线程B引用PrintAB对象,调用对应的打印方法。

代码示例:

/**
 * 利用Object对象的wait()、notify()来实现
 *
 * @author wanglingqiang
 * @date 2020/7/18 下午3:28
 **/
public class PrintAB_Test1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PrintAB printAB = new PrintAB();
        
        new ThreadA(printAB).start();
        new ThreadB(printAB).start();
    }

    static class ThreadA extends Thread {
        private PrintAB printAB;

        public ThreadA(PrintAB printAB) {
            this.printAB = printAB;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                printAB.printA();
            }
        }
    }

    static class ThreadB extends Thread {
        private PrintAB printAB;

        public ThreadB(PrintAB printAB) {
            this.printAB = printAB;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                printAB.printB();
            }
        }
    }

    static class PrintAB {
        private boolean flag = true;

        public synchronized void printA() {
            while (!flag) {
                try {
                    this.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.print("A");
            flag = false;
            this.notify();
        }

        public synchronized void printB() {
            while (flag) {
                try {
                    this.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.print("B ");
            flag = true;
            this.notify();
        }
    }
}

运行结果:

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java
AB AB AB AB AB 
Process finished with exit code 0

PrintAB里打印A、打印B的方法,必须使用synchronize同步,否者会报异常:
java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException
at java.lang.Object.notify(Native Method)

在Object的notify()方法的JavaDoc中有相关的解释: A thread becomes the owner of the object’s monitor in one of three ways:

  1. By executing a synchronized instance method of that object.
  2. By executing the body of a synchronized statement that synchronizes on the object.
  3. For objects of type Class, by executing a synchronized static method of that class.

说白了,就是需要在调用wait()或者notify()之前,必须使用synchronized绑定住被wait/notify的对象。


利用Lock、Condition的await()、signal()实现ABABAB……

这种方式的实现特点是,打印不依赖第三方对象,每个线程自己实现打印的方法,方法里打印完唤醒对方、自己等待;把flag参数需要设置成全局静态的变量。
之所以可以去掉方式一定义PrintAB类,是因为Condition(配合Lock锁使用)能够支持多个等待队列(new 多个Condition对象),而Object方式只能支持一个(因为不管是synchronize方法还是代码块对象代码块类Class,只能针对一个目标)。

/**
 * 利用Lock、Condition的await()、signal()实现
 * 每个线程自己实现打印的方法,打印不依赖第三方对象
 * flag参数需要设置成全局静态的变量
 *
 * @author wanglingqiang
 * @date 2020/7/18 下午3:53
 **/
public class PrintAB_Test2 {

    private static boolean flag;  //全局静态的变量

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
        Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();

        new ThreadA(lock, conditionA, conditionB).start();
        new ThreadB(lock, conditionA, conditionB).start();
    }

    static class ThreadA extends Thread {
        private Lock lock;
        private Condition conditionA;
        private Condition conditionB;

        public ThreadA(Lock lock, Condition conditionA, Condition conditionB){
            this.lock = lock;
            this.conditionA = conditionA;
            this.conditionB = conditionB;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                lock.lock();
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    if (flag) {
                        conditionA.await(); //a等待
                    }
                    System.out.print("A");
                    flag = true;
                    conditionB.signal();    //b唤醒
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    static class ThreadB extends Thread {
        private Lock lock;
        private Condition conditionA;
        private Condition conditionB;

        public ThreadB(Lock lock, Condition conditionA, Condition conditionB){
            this.lock = lock;
            this.conditionA = conditionA;
            this.conditionB = conditionB;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                lock.lock();
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    if (!flag) {
                        conditionB.await(); //b等待
                    }
                    System.out.print("B ");
                    flag = false;
                    conditionA.signal();    //a唤醒
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

运行结果:

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java
AB AB AB AB AB 
Process finished with exit code 0

同时启动多个线程输出ABCABC

利用Object的wait()、notify()实现ABCABC……

线程A输出A,线程B输出B,线程C输出C,同时启动三个线程让其输出ABCABCABC……
true/false已不满足,我们通过%3取余来切换等待唤醒。

public class PrintAB_Test3 {
	private static int count = 0;  //全局静态的变量

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PrintAB printAB = new PrintAB();

        new ThreadA(printAB).start();
        new ThreadB(printAB).start();
        new ThreadC(printAB).start();
    }

    static class ThreadA extends Thread {
        private PrintAB printAB;

        public ThreadA(PrintAB printAB) {
            this.printAB = printAB;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                printAB.printA();
            }
        }
    }

    static class ThreadB extends Thread {
        private PrintAB printAB;

        public ThreadB(PrintAB printAB) {
            this.printAB = printAB;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                printAB.printB();
            }
        }
    }

    static class ThreadC extends Thread {
        private PrintAB printAB;

        public ThreadC(PrintAB printAB) {
            this.printAB = printAB;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                printAB.printC();
            }
        }
    }

    static class PrintAB {

        public synchronized void printA() {
            try {
                while (count % 3 != 0) {
                    this.wait();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            System.out.print("A");
            count++;
            this.notifyAll();
        }

        public synchronized void printB() {
            try {
                while (count % 3 != 1) {
                    this.wait();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            System.out.print("B");
            count++;
            this.notifyAll();
        }

        public synchronized void printC() {
            try {
                while (count % 3 != 2) {
                    this.wait();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            System.out.print("C ");
            count++;
            this.notifyAll();
        }
    }
}

运行结果:

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java
ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC 
Process finished with exit code 0

利用Lock、Condition的await()、signal()实现ABCABC……

线程A输出A,线程B输出B,线程C输出C,同时启动三个线程让其输出ABCABCABC……

这里还是使用方式二的Condition的await()、signal()实现,不同点在于3个线程比较切换,true/false已不满足,我们通过%3取余来切换等待唤醒。

/**
 * 利用Lock、Condition的await()、signal()实现
 * 每个线程自己实现打印的方法,打印不依赖第三方对象
 * count参数需要设置成全局静态的变量
 * 3个线程比较切换,方式二的true/false已不满足,我们通过%3取余来切换等待唤醒
 *
 * @author wanglingqiang
 * @date 2020/7/18 下午3:53
 */
public class PrintAB_Test4 {

    private static int count = 0;  //全局静态的变量

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
        Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();
        Condition conditionC = lock.newCondition();

        new ThreadA(lock, conditionA, conditionB).start();
        new ThreadB(lock, conditionB, conditionC).start();
        new ThreadC(lock, conditionC, conditionA).start();
    }

    static class ThreadA extends Thread {
        private Lock lock;
        private Condition conditionA;
        private Condition conditionB;

        public ThreadA(Lock lock, Condition conditionA, Condition conditionB) {
            this.lock = lock;
            this.conditionA = conditionA;
            this.conditionB = conditionB;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                lock.lock();
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    while (count % 3 != 0) {//注意这里是不等于0,也就是说没轮到该线程执行,之前一直等待状态
                        conditionA.await(); //该线程A将会释放lock锁,构造成节点加入等待队列并进入等待状态
                    }
                    System.out.print("A");
                    count++;
                    conditionB.signal(); // A执行完唤醒B线程
                }

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    static class ThreadB extends Thread {
        private Lock lock;
        private Condition conditionC;
        private Condition conditionB;

        public ThreadB(Lock lock, Condition conditionB, Condition conditionC) {
            this.lock = lock;
            this.conditionC = conditionC;
            this.conditionB = conditionB;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                lock.lock();
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    while (count % 3 != 1) {
                        conditionB.await();// B释放lock锁,当前面A线程执行后会通过B.signal()唤醒该线程
                    }
                    System.out.print("B");
                    count++;
                    conditionC.signal();// B执行完唤醒C线程
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    static class ThreadC extends Thread {
        private Lock lock;
        private Condition conditionC;
        private Condition conditionA;

        public ThreadC(Lock lock, Condition conditionC, Condition conditionA) {
            this.lock = lock;
            this.conditionC = conditionC;
            this.conditionA = conditionA;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                lock.lock();
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    while (count % 3 != 2) {
                        conditionC.await();// C释放lock锁
                    }
                    System.out.print("C ");
                    count++;
                    conditionA.signal();// C执行完唤醒A线程
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

}

运行结果:

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java
ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC 
Process finished with exit code 0

至此,分享已结束。


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