一 跨网站脚本
跨网站脚本(Cross-site scripting,通常简称为XSS或跨站脚本或跨站脚本攻击)是一种网站应用程序的安全漏洞攻击,是代码注入的一种。它允许恶意用户将代码注入到网页上,其他用户在观看网页时就会受到影响。这类攻击通常包含了HTML以及用户端脚本语言。
XSS攻击通常指的是通过利用网页开发时留下的漏洞,通过巧妙的方法注入恶意指令代码到网页,使用户加载并执行攻击者恶意制造的网页程序。这些恶意网页程序通常是JavaScript,但实际上也可以包括Java, VBScript, ActiveX, Flash 或者甚至是普通的HTML。攻击成功后,攻击者可能得到包括但不限于更高的权限(如执行一些操作)、私密网页内容、会话和cookie等各种内容。二 常用的XSS攻击手段和目的
盗用 cookie ,获取敏感信息。
利用植入 Flash ,通过 crossdomain 权限设置进一步获取更高权限;或者利用Java等得到类似的操作。
利用 iframe、frame、XMLHttpRequest或上述Flash等方式,以(被攻击)用户的身份执行一些管理动作,或执行一些一般的如发微博、加好友、发私信等操作。
利用可被攻击的域受到其他域信任的特点,以受信任来源的身份请求一些平时不允许的操作,如进行不当的投票活动。
在访问量极大的一些页面上的XSS可以攻击一些小型网站,实现DDoS攻击的效果。
三 漏洞的防御和利用
避免XSS的方法之一主要是将用户所提供的内容进行过滤,许多语言都有提供对HTML的过滤:
PHP的htmlentities()或是htmlspecialchars()。
Python的cgi.escape()。
ASP的Server.HTMLEncode()。
ASP.NET的Server.HtmlEncode()或功能更强的Microsoft Anti-Cross Site Scripting Library
Java的xssprotect(Open Source Library)。
Node.js的node-validator。
四 解决方案
我碰到的问题解决方案主要是对request请求的parameter 参数做过滤与字符转义
web.xml配置:
- <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
- <filter>
- <filter-name>XssSqlFilter</filter-name>
- <filter-class>framework.corenew.XssFilter</filter-class>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>XssSqlFilter</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
- </filter-mapping>
- </web-app>
- package framework.corenew;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.Enumeration;
- import java.util.regex.Pattern;
- import javax.servlet.Filter;
- import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
- import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import business.sysinfo.model.User;
- /**
- * <code>{@link CharLimitFilter}</code>
- *
- * 拦截防止sql注入
- *
- * @author Administrator
- */
- public class XssFilter implements Filter {
- FilterConfig filterConfig = null;
- public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
- this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
- }
- public void destroy() {
- this.filterConfig = null;
- }
- public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
- FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
- chain.doFilter(new XssHttpServletRequestWrapperNew(
- (HttpServletRequest) request), response);
- }
- }
XssHttpServletRequestWrapperNew:
- package com.csnt.ecs.core.security.filter;
- import java.text.CharacterIterator;
- import java.text.StringCharacterIterator;
- import java.util.regex.Pattern;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
- public class XssHttpServletRequestWrapperNew extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
- HttpServletRequest orgRequest = null;
- public XssHttpServletRequestWrapperNew(HttpServletRequest request) {
- super(request);
- orgRequest = request;
- }
- /**
- * 覆盖getParameter方法,将参数名和参数值都做xss过滤。
- * 如果需要获得原始的值,则通过super.getParameterValues(name)来获取
- * getParameterNames,getParameterValues和getParameterMap也可能需要覆盖
- */
- @Override
- public String getParameter(String name) {
- String value = super.getParameter(xssEncode(name));
- if (value != null) {
- value = xssEncode(value);
- value = HTMLEncode(value);
- }
- return value;
- }
- /**
- * 对一些特殊字符进行转义
- *
- *
- */
- public static String HTMLEncode(String aText) {
- final StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
- final StringCharacterIterator iterator = new StringCharacterIterator(
- aText);
- char character = iterator.current();
- while (character != CharacterIterator.DONE) {
- if (character == '<') {
- result.append("<");
- } else if (character == '>') {
- result.append(">");
- } else if (character == '&') {
- result.append("&");
- } else if (character == '\"') {
- result.append(""");
- } else {
- // the char is not a special one
- // add it to the result as is
- result.append(character);
- }
- character = iterator.next();
- }
- return result.toString();
- }
- /**
- * 覆盖getHeader方法,将参数名和参数值都做xss过滤。 如果需要获得原始的值,则通过super.getHeaders(name)来获取
- * getHeaderNames 也可能需要覆盖
- */
- @Override
- public String getHeader(String name) {
- String value = super.getHeader(xssEncode(name));
- if (value != null) {
- value = xssEncode(value);
- }
- return value;
- }
- /**
- * 将容易引起xss漏洞的半角字符直接替换成全角字符
- * 目前xssProject对注入代码要求是必须开始标签和结束标签(如<script></script>)正确匹配才能解析,否则报错;因此只能替换调xssProject换为自定义实现
- * @param s
- * @return
- */
- private static String xssEncode(String s) {
- //
- // if (s == null || s.isEmpty()) {
- // return s;
- // }
- //
- // StringReader reader = new StringReader(s);
- // StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
- // try {
- // HTMLParser.process(reader, writer, new XSSFilter(), true);
- //
- // String result = writer.toString();
- //
- // System.out.println("xssEncode-------------------------" + s + " = "
- // + result);
- //
- // return result;
- // } catch (NullPointerException e) {
- // return s;
- // } catch (Exception ex) {
- // ex.printStackTrace();
- // }
- //
- // return null;
- if (s == null || s.isEmpty()) {
- return s;
- }
- String result = stripXSS(s);
- if (null != result) {
- result = escape(result);
- }
- return result;
- }
- public static String escape(String s) {
- StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(s.length() + 16);
- for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
- char c = s.charAt(i);
- switch (c) {
- case '>':
- sb.append('>');// 全角大于号
- break;
- case '<':
- sb.append('<');// 全角小于号
- break;
- case '\'':
- sb.append('‘');// 全角单引号
- break;
- case '\"':
- sb.append('“');// 全角双引号
- break;
- case '\\':
- sb.append('\');// 全角斜线
- break;
- case '%':
- sb.append('%'); // 全角冒号
- break;
- default:
- sb.append(c);
- break;
- }
- }
- return sb.toString();
- }
- private static String stripXSS(String value) {
- if (value != null) {
- // NOTE: It's highly recommended to use the ESAPI library and
- // uncomment the following line to
- // avoid encoded attacks.
- // value = ESAPI.encoder().canonicalize(value);
- // Avoid null characters
- value = value.replaceAll("", "");
- // Avoid anything between script tags
- Pattern scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("<script>(.*?)</script>",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- // Avoid anything in a src='...' type of expression
- scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("src[\r\n]*=[\r\n]*\\\'(.*?)\\\'",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE
- | Pattern.DOTALL);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("src[\r\n]*=[\r\n]*\\\"(.*?)\\\"",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE
- | Pattern.DOTALL);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- // Remove any lonesome </script> tag
- scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("</script>",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- // Remove any lonesome <script ...> tag
- scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("<script(.*?)>",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE
- | Pattern.DOTALL);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- // Avoid eval(...) expressions
- scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("eval\\((.*?)\\)",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE
- | Pattern.DOTALL);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- // Avoid expression(...) expressions
- scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("expression\\((.*?)\\)",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE
- | Pattern.DOTALL);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- // Avoid javascript:... expressions
- scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("javascript:",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- // Avoid vbscript:... expressions
- scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("vbscript:",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- // Avoid οnlοad= expressions
- scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("onload(.*?)=",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE
- | Pattern.DOTALL);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("<iframe>(.*?)</iframe>",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("</iframe>",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- // Remove any lonesome <script ...> tag
- scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("<iframe(.*?)>",
- Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE
- | Pattern.DOTALL);
- value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
- }
- return value;
- }
- /**
- * 获取最原始的request
- *
- * @return
- */
- public HttpServletRequest getOrgRequest() {
- return orgRequest;
- }
- /**
- * 获取最原始的request的静态方法
- *
- * @return
- */
- public static HttpServletRequest getOrgRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
- if (req instanceof XssHttpServletRequestWrapperNew) {
- return ((XssHttpServletRequestWrapperNew) req).getOrgRequest();
- }
- return req;
- }
- }