ReentrantLock你了解多少?

内容简介

ReentrantLock类的使用。
ReentrantReadWriteLock类的使用。

4.1 使用ReentrantLock类

在多线程中,可以使用synchronized来实现线程之间的同步互斥,在JDK1.5中新增了ReentrantLock类也可打到同样的效果,并在拓展功能上更强大,比如:嗅探锁定、多路分支通知等,使用上比synchronized更加灵活,下面我们在学习中来任务两者的异同吧!

4.1.1 使用ReentrantLock实现同步

public class MyService {
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    public void testMethod() {
        lock.lock();
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            System.out.println("ThreadName" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
        }
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

lock()获取锁,unlock()释放锁。

public class MyThread extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public MyThread(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.testMethod();
    }
}
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyService myService = new MyService();
        MyThread m1 = new MyThread(myService);
        MyThread m2 = new MyThread(myService);
        MyThread m3 = new MyThread(myService);
        MyThread m4 = new MyThread(myService);
        MyThread m5 = new MyThread(myService);
        m1.start();
        m2.start();
        m3.start();
        m4.start();
        m5.start();
    }
}
ThreadNameThread-1 0
ThreadNameThread-1 1
ThreadNameThread-0 0
ThreadNameThread-0 1
ThreadNameThread-3 0
ThreadNameThread-3 1
ThreadNameThread-4 0
ThreadNameThread-4 1
ThreadNameThread-2 0
ThreadNameThread-2 1

从打印结果来看,当一个线程调用unlock()方法释放锁后,其他线程抢到锁继续执行,下面我们继续做个试验:

public class MyService {
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    public void methodA() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("methodA begin threadNAME=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Time=" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println("methodA   end threadNAME=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Time=" + System.currentTimeMillis());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public void methodB() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("methodB begin threadNAME=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Time=" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println("methodB   end threadNAME=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Time=" + System.currentTimeMillis());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}
public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public ThreadA(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.methodA();
    }
}
public class ThreadAA extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public ThreadAA(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.methodA();
    }
}
public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public ThreadB(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.methodB();
    }
}
public class ThreadBB extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public ThreadBB(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.methodB();
    }
}
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        MyService myService = new MyService();
        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(myService);
        a.setName("a");
        a.start();
        ThreadAA aa = new ThreadAA(myService);
        aa.setName("aa");
        aa.start();
        Thread.sleep(100);
        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(myService);
        b.setName("b");
        b.start();
        ThreadBB bb = new ThreadBB(myService);
        bb.setName("bb");
        bb.start();
    }
}
methodA begin threadNAME=a Time=1590990695499
methodA   end threadNAME=a Time=1590990697502
methodA begin threadNAME=aa Time=1590990697502
methodA   end threadNAME=aa Time=1590990699506
methodB begin threadNAME=bb Time=1590990699506
methodB   end threadNAME=bb Time=1590990701507
methodB begin threadNAME=b Time=1590990701507
methodB   end threadNAME=b Time=1590990703509

验证结果:调用lock()代码的线程就持有了对象监视器,其他线程只有等待持有锁的线程释放。

4.1.2 使用Condition实现等待/通知

synchronized与wait(),notify()或notifyAll()方法相结合,可以实现等待/通知模式。(对wait(),notify()或notifyAll()需要了解的可以看看一文详解wait与notify
ReentrantLock也可以实现同样的功能,但需要借助与Condition对象。Condition是JDK5中出现的,它有更好的灵活性,比如实现多路通知功能,也就是在一个Lock对象里面可以创建多个Condition(即对象监视器)实例,线程对象可以注册在指定的Condition中,从而有选择的进行通知,在调度线程上更加灵活。
使用nodify()/notifyAll()方法进行通知时,被通知的线程是JVM随机选择的。ReentrantLock结合Condition类是可以实现选择性通知
synchronize就相当于整个Lock对象中只有一个单一的Condition对象,所有线程都注册在它一个对象的身上,notifyAll()时,需要通知所有的等待该对象的线程,JVM随机唤醒其中一个。

Object与Condition对比
调用Condition.await方法前,如果没有持有合适的锁,则会报java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException的异常,我们可以通过ReentrantLock.lock()来获取锁。

下面我们使用Condition来实现一个等待通知模式:

public class MyService {
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

    public void await() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("await start 时间为:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            condition.await();
            System.out.println("await end   时间为:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public void signal(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("signal时间为:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
            condition.signal();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}
public class MyThread extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public MyThread(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.await();
    }
}
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        MyService myService = new MyService();
        MyThread myThread = new MyThread(myService);
        myThread.start();
        Thread.sleep(3000);
        myService.signal();
    }
}
await start 时间为:1590995422964
signal时间为:1590995425971
await end   时间为:1590995425971

1)Object中的wait()方法相当于Condition类中的await()
2)Object中的wait(long timeout)相当于Condition中的await(long time,TimeUnit unit)
3)Object中的notify()相当于Condition中的signal()
4)Object中的notifyAll()相当于Condition中的signalAll()

4.1.3 使用多个Condition实现通知部分线程

如何使用单个Condition来通知所有线程呢?

public class MyService {
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    public void awaitA() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("begin awaitA time = " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " thread Name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            condition.await();
            System.out.println("  end awaitA time = " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " thread Name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public void awaitB() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("begin awaitB time = " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " thread Name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            condition.await();
            System.out.println("  end awaitB time = " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " thread Name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public void signalAll() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("   signalAll time = " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " thread Name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            condition.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}
public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public ThreadA(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.awaitA();
    }
}
public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public ThreadB(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.awaitB();
    }
}

public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        MyService myService = new MyService();
        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(myService);
        a.setName("a");
        a.start();
        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(myService);
        b.setName("b");
        b.start();
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        myService.signalAll();
    }
}
begin awaitB time = 1590998606632 thread Name = b
begin awaitA time = 1590998606632 thread Name = a
   signalAll time = 1590998608626 thread Name = main
  end awaitB time = 1590998608626 thread Name = b
  end awaitA time = 1590998608626 thread Name = a

那么如何使用多个Condition通知部分线程呢?

public class MyService {
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();
    public void awaitA() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("begin awaitA time = " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " thread Name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            conditionA.await();
            System.out.println("  end awaitA time = " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " thread Name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public void awaitB() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("begin awaitB time = " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " thread Name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            conditionB.await();
            System.out.println("  end awaitB time = " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " thread Name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public void signalAllA() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("  signalAllA time = " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " thread Name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            conditionA.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public void signalAllB() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("  signalAllB time = " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " thread Name = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            conditionA.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}
public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public ThreadA(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.awaitA();
    }
}
public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public ThreadB(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.awaitB();
    }
}

public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        MyService myService = new MyService();
        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(myService);
        a.setName("a");
        a.start();
        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(myService);
        b.setName("b");
        b.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        myService.signalAllA();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        myService.signalAllB();
    }
}
begin awaitB time = 1590999063461 thread Name = b
begin awaitA time = 1590999063485 thread Name = a
  signalAllA time = 1590999064453 thread Name = main
  end awaitA time = 1590999064453 thread Name = a
  signalAllB time = 1590999065453 thread Name = main

4.1.4 使用Condition实现生产者/消费者模式

单生产者与单消费者代码示例:

public class MyService {
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    private boolean hasValue = false;

    public void set() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            while (hasValue == true) {
                condition.await();
            }
            System.out.println("打印★");
            hasValue = true;
            condition.signal();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public void get() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            while (hasValue == false) {
                condition.await();
            }
            System.out.println("打印☆");
            hasValue = false;
            condition.signal();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}
public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public ThreadA(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; i++) {
            myService.set();
        }
    }
}
public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public ThreadB(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; i++) {
            myService.get();
        }
    }
}
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyService myService = new MyService();
        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(myService);
        a.start();
        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(myService);
        b.start();
    }
}
···
打印☆
打印★
打印☆
打印★
打印☆
打印★
···

那么多生产与多消费怎么控制呢 ?

public class MyService {
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    private boolean hasValue = false;

    public void set() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            while (hasValue == true) {
                System.out.println("有可能★★连续");
                condition.await();
            }
            System.out.println("打印★");
            hasValue = true;
            condition.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public void get() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            while (hasValue == false) {
                System.out.println("有可能☆☆连续");
                condition.await();
            }
            System.out.println("打印☆");
            hasValue = false;
            condition.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}
public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public ThreadA(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; i++) {
            myService.set();
        }
    }
}
public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private MyService myService;
    public ThreadB(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; i++) {
            myService.get();
        }
    }
}
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyService myService = new MyService();
        ThreadA[] a = new ThreadA[10];
        ThreadB[] b = new ThreadB[10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            a[i] = new ThreadA(myService);
            b[i] = new ThreadB(myService);
            a[i].start();
            b[i].start();
        }
    }
}
...
打印★
有可能★★连续
打印☆
打印★
有可能★★连续
有可能★★连续
有可能★★连续
有可能★★连续
有可能★★连续
有可能★★连续
打印☆
有可能☆☆连续
...

4.1.9 公平锁与非公平锁

Lock分为公平锁和非公平锁。
公平锁:线程获取锁的顺序是按照线程加锁的顺序来分配的,即FIFO(先进先出)。
非公平锁:随机获得锁。

那么下面我们就用代码来了解两种锁的特性吧。
非公平锁示例:

public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock;

    public Service(boolean isFair) {
        this.lock = new ReentrantLock(isFair);
    }
    public void serviceMethod(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("ThreadName="+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"获取锁");
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Service service = new Service(false);
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("★线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行");
                service.serviceMethod();
            }
        };
        Thread[] threads = new Thread[10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threads[i] = new Thread(runnable);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
            threads[i].start();
        }
    }
}
★线程Thread-0开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-0获取锁
★线程Thread-2开始执行
★线程Thread-1开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-2获取锁
★线程Thread-4开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-4获取锁
★线程Thread-5开始执行
★线程Thread-8开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-5获取锁
★线程Thread-9开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-9获取锁
★线程Thread-3开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-3获取锁
ThreadName=Thread-1获取锁
ThreadName=Thread-8获取锁
★线程Thread-7开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-7获取锁
★线程Thread-6开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-6获取锁

非公平锁的运行结果基本上是乱序的,先启动的线程不代表先获得锁。

公平锁示例:
修改Run.java代码如下

public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Service service = new Service(true);
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("★线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行");
                service.serviceMethod();
            }
        };
        Thread[] threads = new Thread[10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threads[i] = new Thread(runnable);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
            threads[i].start();
        }
    }
}
★线程Thread-1开始执行
★线程Thread-2开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-1获取锁
★线程Thread-5开始执行
★线程Thread-6开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-2获取锁
ThreadName=Thread-5获取锁
★线程Thread-0开始执行
★线程Thread-4开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-6获取锁
★线程Thread-8开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-0获取锁
★线程Thread-9开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-4获取锁
ThreadName=Thread-8获取锁
ThreadName=Thread-9获取锁
★线程Thread-3开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-3获取锁
★线程Thread-7开始执行
ThreadName=Thread-7获取锁

观察执行结果可以发现,启动的顺序与获得锁的顺序一致。

4.1.10 ReentrantLock中方法的使用

4.1.10.1 getHoldCount()

getHoldCount()查询当前线程保持锁定的个数,也就是获取当前线程调用lock()的次数。
示例代码:

public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private void serviceMethod1() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("serviceMethod1 getHoldCount=" + lock.getHoldCount());
            serviceMethod2();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    private void serviceMethod2() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("serviceMethod2 getHoldCount=" + lock.getHoldCount());
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Service service = new Service();
        service.serviceMethod1();
    }
}
serviceMethod1 getHoldCount=1
serviceMethod2 getHoldCount=2
4.1.10.2 getQueueLength()

getQueueLength()返回正等待获取此锁定的线程估计数。
代码示例:

public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public void serviceMethod1() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("ThreadName=" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            Thread.sleep(10000);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Service service = new Service();
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.serviceMethod1();
            }
        };
        Thread[] threads = new Thread[10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threads[i] = new Thread(runnable);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threads[i].start();
        }
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        System.out.println("有" + service.lock.getQueueLength() + "个线程在等待获取锁!");
    }
}
ThreadName=Thread-09个线程在等待获取锁!
···
4.1.10.3 getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition)

getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition) 返回等待与此锁定相关的给定条件的Condition的线程估计数。
代码示例:

public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition newCondition = lock.newCondition();

    public void waitMethod() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            newCondition.await();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void notifyMethod() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("有" + lock.getWaitQueueLength(newCondition) + "个线程正在等待newCondition");
            newCondition.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Service service = new Service();
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.waitMethod();
            }
        };
        Thread[] threads = new Thread[10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threads[i] = new Thread(runnable);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threads[i].start();
        }
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        service.notifyMethod();
    }
}
有10个线程正在等待newCondition
4.1.10.4 hasQueuedThreads()、hasQueuedThread()

boolean hasQueuedThread(Thread thread)查询指定线程是否正在等待获取此锁定。
boolean hasQueuedThreads()查询是否有线程正在等待获取此锁定。
代码示例:

public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    public void waitMethod() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("threadName="+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
            Thread.sleep(5000);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Service service = new Service();
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.waitMethod();
            }
        };
        Thread threadA = new Thread(runnable);
        threadA.start();
        Thread.sleep(500);
        Thread threadB = new Thread(runnable);
        threadB.start();
        Thread.sleep(500);
        System.out.println(service.lock.hasQueuedThread(threadA));
        System.out.println(service.lock.hasQueuedThread(threadB));
        System.out.println(service.lock.hasQueuedThreads());
    }
}
threadName=Thread-0
false
true
true
threadName=Thread-1
4.1.10.5 hasWaiters()

查询是否有线程正在等候与此锁定有关的condition条件。
代码示例:

public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition newCondition = lock.newCondition();
    public void waitMethod() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            newCondition.await();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public void notifyMethod() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            if (lock.hasWaiters(newCondition)) {
                System.out.println("存在正在等待newCondition的线程,线程数:" + lock.getWaitQueueLength(newCondition));
                newCondition.signalAll();
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Service service = new Service();
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.waitMethod();
            }
        };
        Thread[] threads = new Thread[10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threads[i] = new Thread(runnable);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threads[i].start();
        }
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        service.notifyMethod();
    }
}
存在正在等待newCondition的线程,线程数:10
4.1.10.6 isFair()

判断是否是公平锁。

    /**
     * Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock} with the
     * given fairness policy.
     *
     * @param fair {@code true} if this lock should use a fair ordering policy
     */
    public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
        sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
    }
    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this lock has fairness set true.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if this lock has fairness set true
     */
    public final boolean isFair() {
        return sync instanceof FairSync;
    }
4.1.10.6 isHeldByCurrentThread()

查询当前线程是否持有该锁。

public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock ;

    public Service(boolean isFair) {
        lock = new ReentrantLock(isFair);
    }
    public void serviceMethod(){
        try {
            System.out.println(lock.isHeldByCurrentThread());
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println(lock.isHeldByCurrentThread());
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Service service = new Service(true);
        new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.serviceMethod();
            }
        }.run();
    }
}
false
true
4.1.10.7 isLocked()

查询锁定是否由任意线程持有。

public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock ;

    public Service(boolean isFair) {
        lock = new ReentrantLock(isFair);
    }
    public void serviceMethod(){
        try {
            System.out.println(lock.isLocked());
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println(lock.isLocked());
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Service service = new Service(true);
        new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.serviceMethod();
            }
        }.run();
    }
}
false
true
4.1.10.7 lockInterruptibly()

如果当前线程未被中断,则获取锁定,如果已经被中断则出现异常。

public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    public void serviceMethod() {
        try {
            lock.lockInterruptibly();
            System.out.println("lock begin " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            for (int i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10; i++) {
            }
            System.out.println("lock   end " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Service service = new Service();
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.serviceMethod();
            }
        };
        new Thread(runnable).start();
        Thread.sleep(500);
        Thread threadB = new Thread(runnable);
        threadB.start();
        threadB.interrupt();
    }
}
lock begin Thread-0
lock   end Thread-0
java.lang.InterruptedException
	at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquireInterruptibly(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:1220)
	at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.lockInterruptibly(ReentrantLock.java:335)
4.1.10.7 tryLock()

调用时锁定未被另一个线程持有的情况下,才获取该锁定。

public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    public void getLock() {
        if (lock.tryLock()) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获得锁");
        } else {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 未获得锁");
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Service service  = new Service();
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.getLock();
            }
        };
        Thread threadA = new Thread(runnable);
        threadA.start();
        Thread threadB = new Thread(runnable);
        threadB.start();
    }
}
Thread-0 获得锁
Thread-1 未获得锁
4.1.10.7 tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)

如果锁定在给定等待时间内没有被另一个线程持有,且当前线程未被终端,则获取该锁定。

public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    public void getLock() {
        try {
            if (lock.tryLock(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获得锁的时间:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                Thread.sleep(4000);
            } else {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 未获得锁时间:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Service service = new Service();
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "调用时间:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                service.getLock();
            }
        };
        Thread threadA = new Thread(runnable);
        threadA.start();
        Thread threadB = new Thread(runnable);
        threadB.start();
    }
}
Thread-0调用时间:1593673259015
Thread-0 获得锁的时间:1593673259016
Thread-1调用时间:1593673259015
Thread-1 未获得锁时间:1593673262017
4.1.10.7 awaitUninterruptibly()
public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    public void testMethod() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("wait begin");
            condition.await();
            System.out.println("wait end");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Service service = new Service();
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.testMethod();
            }
        };
        Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        thread.interrupt();
    }
}
wait begin
java.lang.InterruptedException
	at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject.reportInterruptAfterWait(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:2014)
	at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject.await(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:2048)

在sleep状态下,停止某一线程,会进入catch语句,并清除停止状态值,使之变成false。对于Thread基础不是很扎实的话,可以看看Thread基础回顾一下。

修改代码如下:

public class Service {
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    public void testMethod() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("wait begin");
            condition.awaitUninterruptibly();
            System.out.println("wait end");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Service service = new Service();
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.testMethod();
            }
        };
        Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        thread.interrupt();
    }
}
wait begin

对比结果:awaitUninterruptibly()await()作用相同,但不会再等待过程中响应中断。

4.1.16 使用Condition实现顺序执行

使用Condition对象可以对线程执行的业务进行排序规划。
代码如下:

public class Run {
    volatile private static int nextPrintWho = 1;
    private static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private static Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
    private static Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();
    private static Condition conditionC = lock.newCondition();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    lock.lock();
                    while (nextPrintWho != 1) {
                        conditionA.await();
                    }
                    System.out.println("threadA" + nextPrintWho);
                    nextPrintWho = 2;
                    conditionB.signalAll();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        });
        Thread threadB = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    lock.lock();
                    while (nextPrintWho != 2) {
                        conditionB.await();
                    }
                    System.out.println("threadB" + nextPrintWho);
                    nextPrintWho = 3;
                    conditionC.signalAll();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        });
        Thread threadC = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    lock.lock();
                    while (nextPrintWho != 3) {
                        conditionC.await();
                    }
                    System.out.println("threadC" + nextPrintWho);
                    nextPrintWho = 1;
                    conditionA.signalAll();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        });
        Thread[] threadsA = new Thread[5];
        Thread[] threadsB = new Thread[5];
        Thread[] threadsC = new Thread[5];
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            threadsA[i] = new Thread(threadA);
            threadsB[i] = new Thread(threadB);
            threadsC[i] = new Thread(threadC);
            threadsA[i].start();
            threadsB[i].start();
            threadsC[i].start();
        }
    }
}
threadA1
threadB2
threadC3
threadA1
threadB2
threadC3
threadA1
threadB2
threadC3
threadA1
threadB2
threadC3
threadA1
threadB2
threadC3

4.2 使用ReentrantReadWriteLock

ReentrantLock具有完全互斥排他的效果,即同一时间只有一个线程在执行ReentrantLock.lock()方法后面的任务。这样做虽然保证了实例变量的线程安全性,但效率却是非常低下的,所以在JDK中提供了一种读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock类,在某些不需要操作实例变量的方法中,完全可以使用读写锁来提升代码运行速度。

读写锁表示也有两个锁,一个是读操作相关的锁,也称为共享锁;另一个是写操作相关的锁,也叫排他锁。也就是多个读锁之间不互斥,读锁与写锁互斥,写锁与写锁互斥。即多个线程可以同时进行读取操作,但是同一时刻只允许一个线程进行写操作。

4.2.1 读读共享

public class Service {
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    private void read() {
        try {
            lock.readLock().lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获取到读锁 " + System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(5000);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.readLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Service service = new Service();
        Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.read();
            }
        });
        Thread threadB = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.read();
            }
        });
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
    }
}
Thread-1 获取到读锁 1593755228144
Thread-0 获取到读锁 1593755228144

4.2.2 写写互斥

public class Service {
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    private void read() {
        try {
            lock.writeLock().lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获取到写锁 " + System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(5000);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.writeLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Service service = new Service();
        Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.read();
            }
        });
        Thread threadB = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.read();
            }
        });
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
    }
}
Thread-0 获取到写锁 1593755364185
Thread-1 获取到读锁 1593755369185

writeLock()在同一时间只允许一个线程执行lock后面的方法。

4.2.3 读写互斥

public class Service {
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    private void read() {
        try {
            lock.readLock().lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获取到读锁 " + System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(5000);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.readLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    private void write() {
        try {
            lock.writeLock().lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获取到写锁 " + System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(5000);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.writeLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Service service = new Service();
        Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.read();
            }
        });
        Thread threadB = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.write();
            }
        });
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
    }
}
Thread-0 获取到读锁 1593756165771
Thread-1 获取到写锁 1593756170771

4.2.4 读写互斥

修改以上代码的main方法如下:

	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Service service = new Service();
        Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.read();
            }
        });
        Thread threadB = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                service.write();
            }
        });
        threadB.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        threadA.start();
    }
Thread-1 获取到写锁 1593756318244
Thread-0 获取到读锁 1593756323244

从以上实验结果看来,“读写”,“写读”,“写写”都是互斥的,“读读”是异步非互斥的。

参考文献

《Java多线程编程核心技术》高红岩

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