字典，元组，集合的增删改查

1.集合
1 string = ‘list’
2
3 #字符串 -》 列表
4 list1 = list(string) # [‘l’, ‘i’, ‘s’, ‘t’]
5
6 #列表 - 》字符串
7 string1 = ‘’.join(list1) # list
8
9 #增加
10 list1 = list(‘I have a pen’)
11 list1.append(’!’)#末尾增加一个元素[‘I’, ’ ', ‘h’, ‘a’, ‘v’, ‘e’, ’ ', ‘a’, ’ ', ‘p’, ‘e’, ‘n’, ‘!’]
12 list1.insert(2,'this is a chuanqi ')
13 #[‘I’, ’ ', ‘chuanqi’, ‘h’, ‘a’, ‘v’, ‘e’, ’ ', ‘a’, ’ ', ‘p’, ‘e’, ‘n’, ‘!’]
14
15 #删除
16 list1.pop(-1) #删除指定索引的元素，不填的话默认删除的元素，并return被删除的元素
17 del list1[-1]
18 list1.remove(‘n’)
19 #删除指定的元素，如果不存在，则会报错，没有返回值
20
21 #修改
22 list_new = [1,2,3,4,5]
23 list_new[0] = 8 # 元素赋值
24 list_new[0:2] = list(‘05’) #分片赋值， [‘0’, ‘5’, 3, 4, 5]
25 list_new[1:1] = list(‘1234’)#分片赋值，插入元素
26 #[1, ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, 2, 3, 4, 5]
27 list_new[1:3] = list[] #分片赋值 ，删除元素
28 #[1, 4, 5]
29
30 #查找
31 list_new = [1,2,3,4,5]
32 if 1 in list_new:
33 index = list_new.index(1)
34 print(index) # 查找元素下标
35 #0
36
37 #拼接
38 list_new = [1,2,3,4,5]
39 list_n = [8,9,10]
40 list_new.extend(list_n)
41 print(list_new)# 向列表中添加元素
42 #[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10]
43
44 #逆置
45 list_new = [1,2,3,4,5]
46 list_new.reverse()
47 print(list_new) #list_new = [1,2,3,4,5]
48
49 #去重
50
51 #1
52 l1 = [‘b’,‘c’,‘d’,‘c’,‘a’,‘a’]
53 l2 = list(set(l1))
54 #2
55 l2.sort(key=l1.index) #保持原来的顺序
56 #3
57 l1 = [‘b’,‘c’,‘d’,‘c’,‘a’,‘a’]
58 l2 = []
59 for i in l1: #[l2.append(i) for i in l1 if not i in l2]
60 if not i in l2:
61 l2.append(i)
62 print l2 #保持原来的顺序
2.元组
1 #操作和列表相似，但元组不能修改
2 tuple1 = tuple([1,2,3,4])
3 #将列表转换为元组
3.字典
1 #创建
2 dict1 = {
3 ‘key’:‘value’,
4 ‘key1’:‘value1’
5 }
6 a = [(‘key1’,‘value1’),(‘key2’,‘value2’)]
7 dict1 = dict(a)
8 dict1 = {}.fromkeys([‘key1’,‘key2’],‘default_value’) #从键值创建dict
9 dict1 = dict(key1=‘value1’,key2=‘value2’)
10
11 #增加
12 dict1[‘key3’]=‘value3’ #字典可以自动添加
13 dict1.setdefault(‘key5’,‘N/A’) #如果不存在，就设置默认值
14 dic = {‘name’:‘egon’,‘age’:18,‘salary’:50000,‘hobbies’:‘happy’,‘height’:180}
15 dic.setdefault(‘height’,185)
16 print(dic)
17 #{‘name’: ‘egon’, ‘age’: 18, ‘salary’: 50000, ‘hobbies’: ‘happy’, ‘height’: 180}
18
19 #删除
20 del dict1[‘key3’]
21 print dict1.pop(‘key2’) #popitem随机删除 和列表的pop一样
22 #dict1.clear() #深删除,即使有拷贝 也会被删除
23
24 #修改
25 if ‘key1’ in dict1:
26 dict1[‘key1’]=‘new_value_1’
27
28 #查找
29 if ‘key1’ in dict1:
30 print dict1[‘key1’]
31 if dict1.has_key(‘key1’):
32 print dict1[‘key1’]
33 print dict1.get(‘key3’,‘not exists’) #宽松访问
34 print dict1.keys(),dict1.values()
35
36 #拼接
37 dict2 = dict(key4 = ‘value4’) #从字典更新另一个字典
38 dict1.update(dict2)