Spring Boot 20天入门（day10）
Springboot与搜索
ElasticSearch
基本概念：
- Index：一系列文档的集合，类似于mysql中的数据库
- Type：在Index里面可以定义不同的type，type的概念类似于mysql中的表。
- Document：文档的概念类似于mysql中的一条存储记录，并且为json格式，在Index下的不同type下，可以有许多的document
- Shards：在数据量很大的时候，进行水平的扩展，提高搜索性能
- Replicas：防止某个分片的数据丢失，可以并行在备份数据里及搜索提高性能
ElasticSearch查询语法
_cat API
- cat：输出_cat api中所有支持的查询命令
- cat health：检查es集群运行的情况
- cat count：可以快速的查询集群或者index中文档的数量
- cat indices: 查询当前集群中所有index的数据，包括index的分片数、document的数量、存储所用的空间大小…
- 其他cat api参考官方文档: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.5/cat.html
Search API
查询方式：
REST request URI：轻便快速的URI查询语法
REST request body：可以有许多限制条件的json格式查询方法
“query”：请求体中的query允许我们用Query DSL的方式查询。
“term”：查询时判断某个document是否包含某个具体的值，不会对被查询的值进行分词查询
“match” : 将被查询值进行分词，然后用评分机制（TF/IDF）进行打分
“match_phrase”：查询指定段落
“Bool”：结合其他真值查询，通常和[must should mustnot]（与或非）一起组合出复杂的查询
“range”：查询时指定某个字段在某个特定的范围
"range": {
"FIELD": {# 指定具体过滤的字段
"gte": 1,# gte: >=, gt: >
"lte": 10
}
}
“from”：以一定的偏移量来查看我们检索的结果，默认从检索的第一条数据开始显示（0位置开始）
“size”：允许我们将检索的结果以指定的字段进行排序显示
“_source”：指定检索结果输出的字段
“script_fields”：该类型允许我们通过一个脚本来计算document中不存在的值，比如我们需要计算install/click得到cti之类的
"script_fields": {
"FIELD": {# 指定脚本计算之后值得名称
"script": {# 脚本内的运算
}
}
}
“aggs”：基于搜索查询，可以嵌套去和来组合复杂的需求
"aggs": {
"NAME": {# 指定结果的名称
"AGG_TYPE": {# 指定具体的聚合方法，
TODO: # 聚合体内制定具体的聚合字段
}
}
TODO: # 该处可以嵌套聚合
}
Query and filter context
查询语句的性为取决于它是使用查询型上下文还是过滤型上下文
- Query context：在这种上下文环境中，查询语句的返回结果是**”结果和查询语句的匹配程序如何“**，返回的结果数据中都会带上
_score值，象征匹配程度。 - Filter context：过滤型上下文环境中，查询语句则表面匹配与否（yes or no）。es内置式为
filter context保存缓存用来提高查询性能，因此filter context比query context查询的速度快
ElasticSearch查询示例
_Cat API查询示例
_Cat API查询集群的健康情况
_Search API查询示例
创建索引
URI
PUT localhost:9200/test
Output
{
"acknowledged": true,
"shards_acknowledged": true,
"index": "test"
}
插入数据
URI
PUT localhost:9200/test/user/1
Body
{
"username" : "张三",
"password" : "123546",
"age" : "18",
"yyyymmdd" : "2017-08-07T16:00:00"
}
Output
{
"_index": "test", # 索引
"_type": "user", # type类型
"_id": "1", # 唯一id，如果不指定将自动生成一个自增的uuid，且这个uuid永不重复
"_version": 1,# 版本，每提交一个重复的版本+1
"result": "created",# 操作
"_shards": { # 拓展
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 0,
"_primary_term": 1
}
查询数据
查询所有
URI
GET localhost:9200/test/user/_search?q=*
Request Body
GET localhost:9200/test/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_all":{}
}
}
Output
{
"took": 1121,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 1,
"successful": 1,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 1,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": 1.0,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "test",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"username": "张三",
"password": "123546",
"age": "18",
"yyyymmdd": "2017-08-07T16:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}
查询特定字段，并按照某个字段进行排序
URI
GET localhost:9200/test/user/_search?q=username:张三&&sort=yyyymmdd:asc
Request Body
GET localhost:9200/test/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"username": "张三"
}
},
"sort": [
{
"yyyymmdd": {
"order": "desc"
}
}
]
}
查询特定字段，并指定输出字段
RequestBody
localhost:9200/test/user/_search
{
"query": {
{
"match": {
"username": "张三"
}
}
},
"sort": [
{
"yyyymmdd": {
"order": "desc"
}
}
],
"_source": [
"yyyymmdd",
"username"
]
}
Output
{
"took": 4,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 1,
"successful": 1,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 1,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": null,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "test",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "1",
"_score": null,
"_source": {
"yyyymmdd": "2017-08-07T16:00:00",
"username": "张三"
},
"sort": [
1502121600000
]
}
]
}
}
bool组合复杂查询
Request Body
GET localhost:9200/test/user/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"username": "张三"
}
}
],
"must_not": [
{
"range": {
"age": {
"gt" : 18
}
}
}
],"should" : [
{
"match" : {
"yyyymmdd" : "2017-08-07T16:00:00"
}
}]
}
},
"sort": [
{
"yyyymmdd": {
"order": "desc"
}
}
],
"_source": [
"yyyymmdd",
"username"
],
"highlight": {
"fields": {
"username": {}
}
}
}
Output
{
"took": 328,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 1,
"successful": 1,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 1,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": null,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "test",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "1",
"_score": null,
"_source": {
"yyyymmdd": "2017-08-07T16:00:00",
"username": "张三"
},
"highlight": {
"username": [ # 高亮的字段
"<em>张</em><em>三</em>"
]
},
"sort": [
1502121600000
]
}
]
}
}
聚合查询
下例是类似于sql中的聚合查询，查询每天不同类型对应的intall总量
Requst Body
PUT /rta_daily_report/campaign/164983850_rba_20170808?pretty
{
"doc": {
"cid": 164983850,
"advertiser_id": 799,
"trace_app_id": "com.zeptolab.cats.google",
"network_cid": "6656665",
"platform": 1,
"direct": 2,
"last_second_domain": "",
"jump_type": 2,
"direct_trace_app_id": "",
"mode": 0,
"third": "kuaptrk.com",
"hops": 9,
"yyyymmdd": "2017-08-07T16:00:00",
"type": "rba",
"click": 2
}
}
GET localhost:9200/test/user/_search
{
"size": 0,
"aggs": {
"sum_install": {
"date_histogram": {
"field": "yyyymmdd",
"interval": "day"
},
"aggs": {
"types": {
"terms": {
"field": "type.keyword",
"size": 10
},
"aggs": {
"install": {
"sum": {
"field": "install"
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
Output
"aggregations": {
"sum_install": {
"buckets": [
{
"key_as_string": "2017-07-31T00:00:00.000Z",
"key": 1501459200000,
"doc_count": 659553,
"types": {
"doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
"sum_other_doc_count": 0,
"buckets": [
{
"key": "rba",
"doc_count": 321811,
"install": {
"value": 73835
}
},
{
"key": "m_normal",
"doc_count": 321711,
"install": {
"value": 18964
}
}
script查询
下例通过document中的click,install字段，计算出文档中不存在的数据。
GET /rta_daily_report/campaign/_search?pretty
{
"query" : {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"range": {
"click": {
"gt": 0
}
}
},
{
"range": {
"install": {
"gt": 0
}
}
}
]
}},
"size": 100,
"script_fields": {
"cti": {
"script": {
"lang": "painless",
"inline": "1.0 * doc['install'].value / doc['click'].value"
}
}
}
}
Output
"hits": {
"total": 23036,
"max_score": 2,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "rta_daily_report",
"_type": "campaign",
"_id": "160647918_rta_20170801",
"_score": 2,
"fields": {
"cti": [
0.0005970149253731343
]
}
},
{
"_index": "rta_daily_report",
"_type": "campaign",
"_id": "162293741_rta_20170801",
"_score": 2,
"fields": {
"cti": [
0.00007796055196070789
]
}
},
Springboot2.x整合 Elastic Search
引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
</dependency>
实体类
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Field;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.FieldType;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @Description : TODO
* @Author : Weleness
* @Date : 2020/05/30
*/
// 索引，类型
@Document(indexName = "student",type = "weleness",shards = 1,replicas = 0)
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Student implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 4315447603254880943L;
// 当作主键
@Id
private String id;
@Field(type = FieldType.Keyword)
private String name;
@Field(type = FieldType.Integer)
private Integer age;
@Field(type = FieldType.Double)
private Double score;
@Field(type = FieldType.Text)
private String info;
}
repository
import com.github.springbootelasticsearch.bean.Student;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.ElasticsearchRepository;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author Weleness
* @date 2020/05/30
* @description TODO
*/
// 这个接口封装了我们一些基本的crud操作，也可以添加我们自己的一些自定义方法
public interface EsRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<Student,String> {
/**
* 根据年龄区间查询
*
* @param min 最小值
* @param max 最大值
* @return 满足条件的用户列表
*/
List<Student> findByAgeBetween(Integer min, Integer max);
}
测试
@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootElasticsearchApplicationTests {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringbootElasticsearchApplicationTests.class);
@Autowired
private EsRepository esRepository;
@Autowired
private ElasticsearchRestTemplate elasticsearchRestTemplate;
// 创建索引
@Test
void contextLoads() throws IOException {
elasticsearchRestTemplate.createIndex(Student.class);
elasticsearchRestTemplate.putMapping(Student.class);
}
// 新增
@Test
void save(){
Student student = new Student("1","张三",18,75.5,"撒vu");
Student save = esRepository.save(student);
logger.info("【save】= {}", save);
}
// 批量新增
@Test
void saveList(){
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Student student = new Student(i+"","小明"+i,10+i,75.6+i,"shabi"+i);
list.add(student);
}
esRepository.saveAll(list);
}
// 查询
@Test
void search(){
Iterable<Student> all = esRepository.findAll();
for (Student student : all) {
logger.info("[student] = {}",student);
}
}
// 删除
@Test
void delete(){
esRepository.deleteById("1");
}
// 高级查询
@Test
void advanceSearch(){
MatchQueryBuilder matchQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.matchQuery("id", "0");
esRepository.search(matchQueryBuilder).forEach(student -> {
logger.info("[student]={}",student);
});
}
// 自定义高级查询
@Test
void customAdvanceSelect(){
// 构造查询条件
NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder();
queryBuilder.withQuery(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
queryBuilder.withSort(SortBuilders.fieldSort("age").order(SortOrder.DESC));
Page<Student> search = esRepository.search(queryBuilder.build());
search.forEach(student -> {
logger.info("[student]={}",student);
});
}
}
以上…
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