引言
在 jdk/jre/lib/rt.jar 字节码包中,可以看到关于ThreadLocal类及其内部类编译后的文件;
通过本文的对相关类的源码分析,旨在理清Thread、ThreadLocalMap、Entry、ThreadLocal之间的关系
ThreadLocalMap类分析
ThreadLocalMap是ThreadLocal中的内部类,它是实现ThreadLocal类功能的基础,所以先来看看这个字面上是个Map的类,有哪些方法,实现了哪些功能;
Entry实例对象
Entry是ThreadLocalMap的内部类;Entry才是体现Map含义的根本所在,ThreadLocalMap只是维护了Entry数组的增删改查和扩容等。
// Entry沿继承链可以追溯到Reference,
// 该类用于保持对某个堆中实例对象不同强度的引用,用于的控制GC对被引用对象的回收时机
* @author Mark Reinhold
* @since 1.2
*/
public abstract class Reference<T> {
private T referent; /* Treated specially by GC */
public T get() {
return this.referent;
}
}
static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
/** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
Object value;
Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
super(k);
value = v;
}
}
// 即将Entry理解为
class Entry {
// 成员变量
private ThreadLocal<T> threadLocalReferent;
T value;
// 访问成员变量的方式,value可直接通过点运算符访问
public ThreadLocal<T> get() {
return this.referent;
}
}
Entry是ThreadLocalMap中的内部类,继承自弱引用类WeakReference,从Entry的构造函数可以看出,Entry的实例对象用于将一个ThreadLocal对象的引用和一个Object的值关联起来;
即entry保存一个Entry entry = ( ThreadLocal<T> key, <T> value ) 键值对:
- entry.get()获取key,用于获取该entry实例对一个ThreadLocal实例对象的referent引用;
- entry.value获取value,用于获取该entry实例存放的设定值value,即相当于(value)
ThreadLocalMap成员方法分析
ThreadLocalMap只是维护了Entry数组的增删改查和扩容等
Entry[ ]数组:ThreadLocalMap中维护了一个长度可变的Entry数组:
/**
* The table, resized as necessary.
* table.length MUST always be a power of two.
*/
private Entry[] table;
set方法:调用ThreadLocalMap的set方法,相当于传入构建一个新entry所需要的(key ,value)键值对,具体过程如下:
- 先通过for循环,轮询检测传入的threadLocal对象是否已存在Entry数组中,如果存在并且要设定的value值也和之前相等,则不做任何处理;
- 若轮询检测到数组中存在该ThreadLocal对象key,但value不一样,则覆盖设置value;
- 如果轮询检测当前table找不到的key(从源码中可以看出,key只是个ThreadLocal实例对象,要想转换成table数组的整型索引,需要结合对象hashCode等一些算法步骤进行索引映射),则根据传入的<key ,value>构建新entry,并添加至Entry数组中;
- 当然,具体的数组扩容等细节,就不细谈了;
/**
* Set the value associated with key.
*
* @param key the thread local object
* @param value the value to be set
*/
private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {
// We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at
// least as common to use set() to create new entries as
// it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast
// path would fail more often than not.
Entry[] tab = table;
int len = tab.length;
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);
for (Entry e = tab[i]; e != null; e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
if (k == key) {
e.value = value;
return;
}
if (k == null) {
replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
return;
}
}
tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);
int sz = ++size;
if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)
rehash();
}
getEntry方法:从Entry[ ]中找出指定threadLocal对象对应的值
/**
* Get the entry associated with key. This method
* itself handles only the fast path: a direct hit of existing
* key. It otherwise relays to getEntryAfterMiss. This is
* designed to maximize performance for direct hits, in part
* by making this method readily inlinable.
*
* @param key the thread local object
* @return the entry associated with key, or null if no such
*/
private Entry getEntry(ThreadLocal<?> key) {
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (table.length - 1);
Entry e = table[i];
if (e != null && e.get() == key)
return e;
else
return getEntryAfterMiss(key, i, e);
}
remove方法:从Entry[ ]中删除指定threadLocal对象对应的数组元素entry,具体步骤:
- 通过key映射成数组索引i,并进行for数组轮询;
- 如果找到entry,则先调用Reference中的clear方法,剪断该entry对threadLocal堆实例的引用关系,方便GC回收;
- 接着,expungeStaleEntry(i)方法能对Entry[ ]数组进行清除和整理,比较复杂,暂且不细谈;
/**
* Remove the entry for key.
*/
private void remove(ThreadLocal<?> key) {
Entry[] tab = table;
int len = tab.length;
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);
for (Entry e = tab[i]; e != null; e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
if (e.get() == key) {
e.clear();
expungeStaleEntry(i);
return;
}
}
}
// Reference类中定义的clear方法
/**
* Clears this reference object. Invoking this method will not cause this
* object to be enqueued.
*
* <p> This method is invoked only by Java code; when the garbage collector
* clears references it does so directly, without invoking this method.
*/
public void clear() {
this.referent = null;
}
ThreadLocalMap的类源码基本为ThreadLocal贡献了大部分的功能,接着在理解ThreadLocalMap作用的基础上,看看ThrealLocal有哪些方法,并且如何实现线程封闭的?
ThreadLocal成员方法分析
Thread类成员变量threadLocals:
在Thread类中,维护了一个ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap类实例对象 threadLocals,
public class Thread implements Runnable {
/* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained
* by the ThreadLocal class.
*/
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
}
set方法:理解set方法最核心的是:
- 每个Thread类实例中都有一个ThreadLocalMap的实例对象,即ThreadLocalMap虽然定义在ThreadLocal中,但是是由当前线程进行引用;
- ThreadLocal的set方法实则是对当前线程的threadLocals进行增添键值对操作。即新增Entry为 ( ThreadLock<T> this, <T> value )
public void set(T value) {
// 获取当前线程
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
// 以局部变量的方式,获取当前线程的threadLocals成员变量
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
// 如果当前线程的ThreadLocalMap已经被创建过,
// 则调用ThreadLocalMap的set方法创建新Entry,并增加至Entry[]
map.set(this, value);
else
// 如果当前线程的ThreadLocalMap还未被创建过,则为当前线程初始化threadLocals
// 并继续在方法内部调用map.set方法
createMap(t, value);
}
/* 传入当前线程引用,获取当前线程的threadLocals
* @param t the current thread
* @return the map
*/
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.threadLocals;
}
/* 传入当前线程,以设置其threadLocals
* @param t the current thread
* @param firstValue value for the initial entry of the map
*/
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
// 传入当前ThreadLocal实例引用this,和value值,
// 在构建ThreadLocalMap的同时,初始化Entry数组,并返回新构建的实例引用
t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}
get方法:理解get方法最核心的是:
- 内部获取的是当前线程维护的ThreadLocalMap threadLocals;
- 内部以当前ThreadLocal实例对象自身(this)的引用作为key值,来获取对应的value;
/*
* @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
*/
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue();
}
/* 当get方法中getMap得到的ThreadLocalMap为null时,先创建map并新建Entry
* 当ThreadLocalMap已存在,但找不到key时,会调用用户模板initialValue为这个key匹配一个默认的vaule,并作为新的entry添加至Entry[]中
* @return the initial value
*/
private T setInitialValue() {
T value = initialValue();
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
return value;
}
/* initialValue是留给用户创建ThreadLocal时的模板方法
* 当get
* @return the initial value for this thread-local
*/
protected T initialValue() {
return null;
}
总结:Thread、ThreadLocalMap、Entry 、ThreadLocal四者之间的关系
总结:
- 每个线程都维护自己的独有的ThreadLocalMap;
- 每个TheadLocalMap维护一个Entry数组,数组中存放很多键值对;
- 每个Entry键值对,以ThreadLocal对象的引用作为键,以泛型的value作为值;
- ThreadLocal作为Entry键值对的键,是通过在threadLocal实例调用set方法将自身引用this作为参数来实现的;