基础配置Tomcat及使用

 配置Tomcat

背景简介：

  目前很多网站由java编写，所以解析Java程序需要有相关的软件来编写完成，Tomcat是其中之一，Tomcat技术先进，性能稳定且免费，是目前比较流行的web应用服务器。

Tomcat是一个轻量化级应用服务器，实际上Tomcat是Apache服务器的扩展，但是他是独立运行的，所以运行时作为一个独立的进程运行。

一.安装Tomcat

Tomcat的安装分为安装JDK和安装Tomcat两个步骤。JDK（Java Development Kit）是Java的核心，包括了java运行环境，java工具和java基础的类库。安装Tomcat前提是安装好JDK

1.1安装JDK

首先需要下载JDK安装包，此安装包需要浏览器到官方地址下载

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html下载

 

将JDK包放到/usr/local/src目录下，并解压

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/

[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf jdk-8u271-linux-x64.tar.gz

[root@localhost src]# mv jdk1.8.0_271 /usr/local/jdk1.8

设置环境变量

[root@localhost src]# vi /etc/profile

...

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8/

JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk1.8/bin

JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8/jre

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/jdk1.8/bin:/usr/local/jdk1.8/jre/bin

CLASSPATH=/usr/local/jdk1.8/jre/lib:/usr/local/jdk1.8/lib:/usr/local/jdk1.8/jre/lib/charsets.jar

注：在配置文件结束添加内容。

使配置文件生效并检验是否正确

[root@localhost src]# source /etc/profile

[root@localhost src]# java -version

 

若与文中不同可以按照图中检查

 

1.2 安装Tomcat

下载Tomcat软件包

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/

[root@localhost src]# ls

apache-tomcat-8.5.60.tar.gz  jdk-8u271-linux-x64.tar.gz

注：版本不对可以到官方网站下载（http://tomcat.apache.org/）

解压安装Tomcat

[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.60.tar.gz

[root@localhost src]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.60 /usr/local/tomcat

注：二进制包不需要编译

 

启动Tomcat

[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

 

查看是否启动

 

 

注：正常会有三个端口8080为提供web服务的端口，8005为管理端口，8009为第三方服务调用端口（httpd和Tomcat结合时使用）

 

设置开机自启

[root@localhost src]# echo "/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

[root@localhost src]# chmod a+x /etc/rc.d/rc.local    //增加可执行权限

使用浏览器访问IP：8080

 

二.配置Tomcat

2.1 配置Tomcat服务的访问端口

Tomcat默认启动端口为8080，修改端口需要修改server.xml文件

[root@localhost src]# vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

...

 <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"   -- 80  //修改此端口号改为80

...

注：保存后重启Tomcat

[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh   //关闭Tomcat

 

[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh   //启动Tomcat

 

注：Tomcat的关闭和启动有些特殊，需要是用本身的脚本实现。生产环境中tomcat需要使用8080端口，Nginx使用80端口。

2.2 Tomcat虚拟主机

查看配置文件结构

[root@localhost src]# cat  /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <GlobalNamingResources>

    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"

              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"

              description="User database that can be updated and saved"

              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"

              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />

  </GlobalNamingResources>

  <Service name="Catalina">

    <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

               connectionTimeout="20000"

               redirectPort="8443" />    

    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">

      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">

        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"

               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>

      </Realm>

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"

            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"

               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"

               pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />



      </Host>

    </Engine>

  </Service>

</Server>

注：在文中<!--和 -->内容为注释掉的，<Host>和</Host>之间为虚拟主机配置部分，name定义域名，appBase定义应用目录，java应用为一个jar压缩包，将jar压缩包放到appBase目录下即可

 

Tomcat默认页

 

使用curl命令访问tomcat.svg

[root@localhost src]# curl localhost:80/tomcat.svg -I

 

注：AppBase目录（/usr/local/tomcat/webapps）下包含很多子目录，可以将自定义的应用放到webapps目录里，然后通过http://ip/应用名/来访问这个应用。直接访问ip不加二级目录会默认访问ROOT目录下文件。

 

新建虚拟主机

 [root@localhost src]# vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

...

     <Host name="www.ws.cn" appBase="/data/tomcatweb"

         unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="ture"

         xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">

         <Context path="" docBase="/data/tomcatweb/" debug="0" reloadable="ture" crossContext="ture"/>

</Host>

注：docBase参数用来定义网站的文件存放路径，若不定义默认在appBase/ROOT下面。定义后以docBase此目录为主。

 

测试：

创建目录和文件

[root@localhost src]# mkdir -p /data/tomcatweb

[root@localhost src]# echo "Tomcat test page." > /data/tomcatweb/1.html

重启tomcat

[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

访问创建的html文件

[root@localhost src]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.ws.cn/1.html

Tomcat test page.

 

三.测试Tomcat解析JSP

Tomcat主要作用在解析JSP页面。

创建JSP测试页面

[root@localhost src]# vi /data/tomcatweb/111.jsp

<hmtl><body><center>

   Now time is: <%=new java.util.Date()%>

</center></body></html>

使用curl命令测试

[root@localhost src]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.ws.cn/111.jsp

<hmtl><body><center>

   Now time is: Wed Dec 09 21:43:32 CST 2020

</center></body></html>

注：中间一解析为当前系统的时间，可以通过浏览器测试

四.Tomcat日志

Tomcat日志记录为/usr/local/tomcat/logs

[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/logs/

[root@localhost logs]# ls

catalina.2020-12-09.log      localhost.2020-12-09.log

catalina.out                 localhost_access_log.2020-12-09.txt

host-manager.2020-12-09.log  manager.2020-12-09.log

注：主要有四大类日志，其中catalina开头的日志为Tomcat的综合日志，它记录了Tomcat服务相关信息，也记录错误日志，catalina.2020为每天生成的新的日志。host-manager和manager为管理相关的日志，其中host-manager为虚拟主机的管理日志。localhost和localhost_access为虚拟主机相关日志，其中带access的为访问日志，不带access的为默认虚拟主机的错误日志。

访问日志需要在server.xml中对应的虚拟主机（<Host></Host>）中配置     

   <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"

               prefix="ws.cn_access_log" suffix=".txt"

               pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %d" />

注：prefix定义访问日志的前缀，suffer定义日志的后缀，pattern定义日志格式。

    Tomcat的错误日志在catalina.out中（出问题时查看此目录）

五.Tomcat连接MySQL

tomcat连接MySQL

安装MySQL数据库

 

[root@tomcat src]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server

启动数据库服务并设置开机自启

[root@tomcat src]# systemctl start mariadb

[root@tomcat src]# systemctl enable mariadb

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.

初始化数据库

[root@mysql1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation

/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found



NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB

      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!



In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current

password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and

you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,

so you should just press enter here.



Enter current password for root (enter for none):                   #默认按回车

OK, successfully used password, moving on...



Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB

root user without the proper authorisation.



Set root password? [Y/n] y

New password:                                 #输入数据库root密码000000

Re-enter new password:                          #再次输入密码000000

Password updated successfully!

Reloading privilege tables..

 ... Success!





By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone

to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for

them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation

go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a

production environment.



Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y

 ... Success!



Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This

ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.



Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n

 ... skipping.



By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can

access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed

before moving into a production environment.



Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y

 - Dropping test database...

 ... Success!

 - Removing privileges on test database...

 ... Success!



Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far

will take effect immediately.



Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

 ... Success!



Cleaning up...



All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB

installation should now be secure.



Thanks for using MariaDB!

修改mysql1节点的数据库配置文件，在配置文件/etc/my.cnf中的[mysqld]增添如下内容。

[root@mysql1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

log_bin = mysql-bin                       #记录操作日志

binlog_ignore_db = mysql                  #不同步mysql系统数据库

server_id = 11                            #数据库集群中的每个节点id都要不同，一般使用IP地址的最后段的数字，例如192.168.200.11，server_id就写11

重启数据库服务

[root@mysql1 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

配置mysql，创建实验用的库，表以及用户：

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p’000000’

mysql> create database java_test;

mysql> use java_test

mysql> grant all on java_test.* to 'java'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'wslinux';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table wslinux (`id` int(4),`name` char(40));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into wslinux values (1,'abc');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into wslinux values (2,'aaa');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into wslinux values (3,'bbb');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

 

验证用户是否可用

[root@localhost ~]#mysql -ujava -pwslinux -h127.0.0.1

 

配置Tomcat相关配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/context.xml

...

   <Resource name="jdbc/mytest"

          auth="Container"

          type="javax.sql.DataSource"

          maxActive="100" maxIdle="30" maxWait="10000"

          username="java" password="wslinux"

          driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"

          url="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/java_test">

   </Resource>

注：在</Context>上增加内容，name定义为jdbc/mytest，username为mysql用户，password为密码，url定义MySQL的IP，端口以及库名。

 

修改配置文件：

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml

...

  <resource-ref>

      <description>DB Connection</description>

      <res-ref-name>jdbc/mytest</res-ref-name>

      <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>

      <res-auth>Container</res-auth>

  </resource-ref>

注：在</web-app>上增加

 

创建测试JSP文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/123.jsp

<%@page import="java.sql.*"%>

<%@page import="javax.sql.DataSource"%>

<%@page import="javax.naming.*"%>



<%

Context ctx = new InitialContext();

DataSource ds = (DataSource) ctx

.lookup("java:comp/env/jdbc/mytest");

Connection conn = ds.getConnection();

Statement state = conn.createStatement();

String sql = "select * from wslinux";

ResultSet rs = state.executeQuery(sql);



while (rs.next()) {

    out.println(rs.getString("id") +"<tr>");

    out.println(rs.getString("name") +"<tr><br>");

}



rs.close();

state.close();

conn.close();

%>

重启tomcat

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

 在浏览器访问192.168.200.11/123.jsp

 

使用浏览器查看报错404及500无法解决。。。

报错解决：

需要将mysql-connector-java-xxx.jar移动到tomcat下的lib目录中

 

 

使用MySQL查询结果

[root@localhost ~]#mysql -ujava -pwslinux -h127.0.0.1 java_test -e "select * from wslinux"