HashMap和ConcurrentHashMap扩容机制

王某二

已于 2024-05-29 11:21:25 修改

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文章标签： java

于 2024-05-29 11:03:51 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/WangXiaoErlalala/article/details/139288403

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总结一下昨天看的源码，主要是针对JDK1.7和JDK1.8中，HashMap和ConcurrentHashMap扩容时候的一些点。直接说结论：

结论：

计算元素在新数组中的位置：不论是HashMap还是ConcurrentHashMap

并没有采用hash % newCap的方式，判断在新数组中的位置

而是都采用hash&(newCapacity -1) 计算其在新数组中的位置（加快计算）
针对链表中有Hash冲突的元素：
JDK1.8，引入新的计算方式，根据 hash&oldCap == 0 来将原始的链表拆分为两个，然后插入新数组中
ConcurrentHashMap相对HashMap：通过锁的机制保证线程安全

JDK1.7 采用Segment锁

JDK1.8 采用CAS + Sychronized锁
关于头插法和尾插法：

JDK1.7中HashMap和ConcurrentHashMap采用头插法

JDK1.8 HashMap采用尾插法

最后附上源码

HashMap JDK1.7源码

void resize(int newCapacity) {
    Entry[] oldTable = table;
    int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
    if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
        threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        return;
    }
    Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
    transfer(newTable);
    table = newTable;
    threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor);
}

void transfer(Entry[] newTable) {
    Entry[] src = table;
    int newCapacity = newTable.length;
    for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) {
        Entry<K,V> e = src[j];
        if (e != null) {
            src[j] = null;
            do {
                Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
                int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
                e.next = newTable[i];
                newTable[i] = e;
                e = next;
            } while (e != null);
        }
    }
}

static int indexFor(int h, int length) {
    return h & (length-1);
}

HashMap JDK1.8源码

final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
    Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;
    int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
    int oldThr = threshold;
    int newCap, newThr = 0;
    if (oldCap > 0) {
        if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            return oldTab;
        }
        else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
                 oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
            newThr = oldThr << 1;
    }
    else if (oldThr > 0)
        newCap = oldThr;
    else {
        newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
        newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
    }
    if (newThr == 0) {
        float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
        newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
                  (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }
    threshold = newThr;
    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
        Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
    table = newTab;
    if (oldTab != null) {
        for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
            Node<K,V> e;
            if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
                oldTab[j] = null;
                if (e.next == null)
                    newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
                else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
                    ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
                else {
                    Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> next;
                    do {
                        next = e.next;
                        if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
                            if (loTail == null)
                                loHead = e;
                            else
                                loTail.next = e;
                            loTail = e;
                        }
                        else {
                            if (hiTail == null)
                                hiHead = e;
                            else
                                hiTail.next = e;
                            hiTail = e;
                        }
                    } while ((e = next) != null);
                    if (loTail != null) {
                        loTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j] = loHead;
                    }
                    if (hiTail != null) {
                        hiTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return newTab;
}

ConcurrentHashMap JDK1.7源码

private void rehash() {
    HashEntry<K,V>[] oldTable = table;
    int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
    if (oldCapacity >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
        return;
    HashEntry<K,V>[] newTable = HashEntry.newArray(oldCapacity << 1);
    int sizeMask = newTable.length - 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < oldCapacity; i++) {
        HashEntry<K,V> e = oldTable[i];
        if (e != null) {
            HashEntry<K,V> next = e.next;
            int idx = e.hash & sizeMask;
            if (next == null)
                newTable[idx] = e;
            else {
                HashEntry<K,V> lastRun = e;
                int lastIdx = idx;
                for (HashEntry<K,V> last = next; last != null; last = last.next) {
                    int k = last.hash & sizeMask;
                    if (k != lastIdx) {
                        lastIdx = k;
                        lastRun = last;
                    }
                }
                newTable[lastIdx] = lastRun;
                for (HashEntry<K,V> p = e; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
                    int h = p.hash & sizeMask;
                    HashEntry<K,V> n = newTable[h];
                    newTable[h] = new HashEntry<K,V>(p.key, p.hash, n, p.value);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    table = newTable;
}

ConcurrentHashMap JDK1.8源码

private final void transfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab) {
    int n = tab.length, stride;
    if ((stride = (NCPU > 1) ? (n >>> 3) / NCPU : n) < MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE)
        stride = MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE;
    ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd = new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab);
    boolean advance = true;
    boolean finishing = false;
    for (int i = 0, bound = 0; ; ) {
        Node<K,V> f; int fh;
        while (advance) {
            int nextIndex, nextBound;
            if (--i >= bound || finishing)
                advance = false;
            else if ((nextIndex = transferIndex) <= 0) {
                i = -1;
                advance = false;
            }
            else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, TRANSFERINDEX, nextIndex,
                    nextBound = (nextIndex > stride ? nextIndex - stride : 0))) {
                bound = nextBound;
                i = nextIndex - 1;
                advance = false;
            }
        }
        if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextTab.length) {
            int sc;
            if (finishing) {
                nextTable = null;
                table = nextTab;
                sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1);
                return;
            }
            if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc = sizeCtl, sc - 1)) {
                if ((sc - 2) != resizeStamp(n) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT)
                    return;
                finishing = advance = true;
                i = n;
            }
        }
        else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i)) == null)
            advance = casTabAt(tab, i, null, fwd);
        else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
            advance = true;
        else {
            synchronized (f) {
                if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
                    Node<K,V> ln, hn;
                    if (fh >= 0) {
                        int runBit = fh & n;
                        Node<K,V> lastRun = f;
                        for (Node<K,V> p = f.next; p != null; p = p.next) {
                            int b = p.hash & n;
                            if (b != runBit) {
                                runBit = b;
                                lastRun = p;
                            }
                        }
                        if (runBit == 0) {
                            ln = lastRun;
                            hn = null;
                        }
                        else {
                            hn = lastRun;
                            ln = null;
                        }
                        for (Node<K,V> p = f; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
                            int ph = p.hash; K pk = p.key; V pv = p.val;
                            if ((ph & n) == 0)
                                ln = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, ln);
                            else
                                hn = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, hn);
                        }
                        setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
                        setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
                        setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
                        advance = true;
                    }
                    else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
                        TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
                        TreeNode<K,V> lo = null, loTail = null;
                        TreeNode<K,V> hi = null, hiTail = null;
                        int lc = 0, hc = 0;
                        for (Node<K,V> e = t.first; e != null; e = e.next) {
                            int h = e.hash;
                            TreeNode<K,V> p = new TreeNode<K,V>
                                (h, e.key, e.val, null, null);
                            if ((h & n) == 0) {
                                if ((p.prev = loTail) == null)
                                    lo = p;
                                else
                                    loTail.next = p;
                                loTail = p;
                                ++lc;
                            }
                            else {
                                if ((p.prev = hiTail) == null)
                                    hi = p;
                                else
                                    hiTail.next = p;
                                hiTail = p;
                                ++hc;
                            }
                        }
                        ln = (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(lo) : (hc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(lo) : t;
                        hn = (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(hi) : (lc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(hi) : t;
                        setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
                        setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
                        setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
                        advance = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}