Spring-AOP 代理,增强
目标类 + 额外功能 = 代理类
比如:日志处理/事务处理/异常处理/性能分析…Redis 非关系型数据
- 通过spring AOP的代理功能,给代码增加额外的通用功能
- 业务逻辑就专心的处理实际需求,通用的增强功能独立出来
- 代理的专业术语
额外功能叫 增强
目标类叫 切入点 或 切面
将增强 加入到 切入点,叫编织
AOP是面向切面编程的一种实现
Spring AOP 知识点思维导图
什么是AOP?
AOP(Aspect-oriented Programming) , 名字与OOP(Object-oriented programming) 仅差一个字母, 其实它是对OOP编程的一种补充. AOP翻译过来叫面向切面编程, 核心就是这个切面. 切面表示从业务逻辑中分离出来的横切逻辑, 比如性能监控, 日志记录, 权限控制等, 这些功能都可以从核心业务逻辑代码中抽离出来. 也就是说, 通过AOP可以解决代码耦合问题, 让职责更加单一.
我们来通过代码来理解下概念, 这里有一个转账业务:
public interface IAccountService {
//主业务逻辑: 转账
void transfer();
}
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
@Override
public void transfer() {
System.out.println("调用dao层,完成转账主业务.");
}
}
现在有一个需求是, 在转账之前需要验证用户身份, 一般情况下我们直接就去修改源代码了:
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService { @Override public void transfer() { System.out.println("对转账人身份进行验证.");
System.out.println("调用dao层,完成转账主业务."); }
}
但作为一个"有经验"的Java开发, 我们知道 “身份验证” 这个业务完全是可以剥离出来的, 所以使用下代理设计模式的思想:
public class AccountProxy implements IAccountService { //目标对象 private IAccountService target;
public AccountProxy(IAccountService target) { this.target = target; } /** * 代理方法,实现对目标方法的功能增强 */ @Override public void transfer() { before(); target.transfer(); } /** * 身份验证 */ private void before() { System.out.println("对转账人身份进行验证."); }
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建目标对象
IAccountService target = new AccountServiceImpl();
//创建代理对象
AccountProxy proxy = new AccountProxy(target);
proxy.transfer();
}
}
AOP的实现原理就是代理设计模式, 上面这个是静态代理, 但Spring AOP是通过动态代理实现的, 所以我们需要了解下动态代理: https://blog.csdn.net/litianxiang_kaola/article/details/85335700
AOP并不是由Spring独创, 在Spring之前就有了AOP开源框架—AspectJ, 而且AspectJ的AOP功能要比Spring更强大, 所以在Spring的后期版本中就集成了AspectJ. 但我们还是有必要了解下 Spring的AOP功能.
AOP术语
- Targe
目标对象 - Joinpoint
连接点, 所有可能被增强的方法都是连接点. - Pointcut
切入点, 将被增强的方法. - Advice
增强, 从主业务逻辑中剥离出来的横切逻辑. - Aspect
切面, 切入点加上增强就是切面. - Weaving
织入, 把切面应用到目标对象上的过程. - Proxy
代理对象, 被增强过的目标对象.
Advice常见类型
- 前置增强
org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice, 在目标方法执行前实施增强. - 后置增强
org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice, 在目标方法执行后实施增强. - 环绕增强
org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor, 在目标方法执行前后都实施增强. - 异常抛出增强
org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice, 在方法抛出异常后实施增强. - 引入增强
org.springframework.aop.IntroductionInterceptor, 对类进行增强, 即在目标类中添加一些新的方法和属性.
Spring AOP 之编程式
我们用编程式来感受下Spring AOP. 下面例子使用的是环绕增强.
(1) 业务类
public interface IAccountService {
//主业务逻辑: 转账
void transfer();
}
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
@Override
public void transfer() {
System.out.println("调用dao层,完成转账主业务.");
}
}
(2) 增强
public class AccountAdvice implements MethodInterceptor { @Override public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable { before(); Object result = invocation.proceed(); after(); return result; }
private void before() { System.out.println("Before"); } private void after(){ System.out.println("After"); }
}
(3) 测试
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { //创建代理工厂 ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory(); //配置目标对象 proxyFactory.setTarget(new AccountServiceImpl()); //配置增强 proxyFactory.addAdvice(new AccountAdvice());
IAccountService proxy = (IAccountService) proxyFactory.getProxy(); proxy.transfer(); }
}
结果:
Before
调用dao层,完成转账主业务.
After
Spring AOP 之声明式
Spring AOP 之声明式就是使用配置文件来声明各种bean.
(1) 业务类
public interface IAccountService {
//主业务逻辑: 转账
void transfer();
}
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
@Override
public void transfer() {
System.out.println("调用dao层,完成转账主业务.");
}
}
(2) 增强
public class AccountAdvice implements MethodInterceptor { @Override public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable { before(); Object result = invocation.proceed(); after(); return result; }
private void before() { System.out.println("Before"); } private void after(){ System.out.println("After"); }
}
(3) 配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--声明bean--> <bean id="accountService" class="org.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"></bean> <bean id="accountAdvice" class="org.aspect.AccountAdvice"></bean> <!--配置代理工厂--> <bean id="accountProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"> <!--目标接口--> <property name="interfaces" value="org.service.IAccountService"/> <!--目标对象--> <property name="target" ref="accountService"/> <!--增强--> <property name="interceptorNames" value="accountAdvice"/> </bean>
</beans>
(4) 测试
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring/spring-service.xml");
IAccountService proxy = (IAccountService) context.getBean("accountProxy");
proxy.transfer();
}
}
结果:
Before
调用dao层,完成转账主业务.
After
Spring AOP 之切面
前面的编程式和声明式都没有用到切面, 他们对一个类中的所有方法都实施了增强. 如果我们需要针对类中的某个方法进行增强, 就可以使用切面来解决这个问题.
在声明式的代码基础上修改下配置文件, 加入切面:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--声明bean--> <bean id="accountService" class="org.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"></bean> <bean id="accountAdvice" class="org.aspect.AccountAdvice"></bean> <!--配置切面--> <bean id="accountAspect" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor"> <!--增强--> <property name="advice" ref="accountAdvice"/> <!--切入点--> <property name="pattern" value="org.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl.transfer.*"/> </bean> <!--配置代理--> <bean id="accountProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"> <!--目标对象--> <property name="target" ref="accountService"/> <!--切面--> <property name="interceptorNames" value="accountAspect"/> </bean>
</beans>
这里的切面配置的是基于正则表达式的 RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor, 表示拦截所有以 “transfer” 开头的方法. 除此之外, Spring AOP 还有以下配置:
- org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor
匹配继承了该类的切面. - org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor
根据方法名称进行匹配. - org.springframework.aop.support.StaticMethodMatcherPointcutAdvisor
用于匹配静态方法.
Spring AOP 之自动代理
让用户去配置一个或少数几个代理, 似乎还可以接受, 但随着项目的扩大, 代理配置会越来越多, 这个时候再让你手动配置, 那整个人都不好了. 不过不用担心, Spring AOP 为我们提供了自动生成代理的功能.
在声明式的代码基础上修改下配置文件和测试类:
(1) 配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!--声明bean--> <bean id="accountService" class="org.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"></bean> <bean id="accountAdvice" class="org.aspect.AccountAdvice"></bean>
<!--配置切面--> <bean id="accountAspect" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor"> <!--增强--> <property name="advice" ref="accountAdvice"/> <!--切入点--> <property name="pattern" value="org.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl.transfer.*"/> </bean> <!--配置自动代理: 自动扫描所有切面类, 并为其生成代理--> <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator"/>
</beans>
(2) 测试
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring/spring-service.xml");
IAccountService proxy = (IAccountService) context.getBean("accountService");
proxy.transfer();
}
}
结果:
Before
调用dao层,完成转账主业务.
After
Spring + AspectJ
在企业开发中几乎不使用Spring自身的AOP功能, 而是用AspectJ代替, Spring在后期自己集成了AspectJ也间接证明了AspectJ的强大, 我们下面来了解下 Spring + AspectJ.
AspectJ 增强类型
- 前置增强
注解: @Before, 配置: < aop:before> - 后置增强
注解: @After, 配置: < aop:after> - 环绕增强
注解: @Around, 配置: < aop:around> - 异常抛出增强
注解: @AfterThrowing, 配置: < aop:after-throwing> - 引入增强
注解: @DeclareParents, 配置: < aop:declare-parents>
切入点表达式
execution(* org.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl.*(..))
- 1
- execution()表示拦截方法, 括号中可定义需要匹配的规则.
- 第一个 “*” 表示方法的返回值是任意的.
- 第二个 “*” 表示匹配该类中所有的方法.
- (…) 表示方法的参数是任意的.
可以看到, AspectJ的切入点表达式要比Spring AOP的正则表达式可读性更强.
Spring AspectJ实例—基于配置
(1) 业务类
public interface IAccountService { //主业务逻辑: 转账 void transfer(); } public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService { @Override public void transfer() { System.out.println("调用dao层,完成转账主业务."); } }
(2) 增强
public class AccountAdvice{ //前置增强 public void myBefore(JoinPoint joinPoint){ before(); }
//后置增强 public void myAfter(JoinPoint joinPoint) { after(); } //环绕增强 public Object myAround(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable{ before(); Object result = joinPoint.proceed(); after(); return result; } //抛出异常增强 public void myThrowing(JoinPoint joinPoint, Throwable e) { System.out.println("抛出异常增强: " + e.getMessage()); } private void before() { System.out.println("Before"); } private void after(){ System.out.println("After"); }
}
(3) 配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!--声明bean--> <bean id="accountService" class="org.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"></bean> <bean id="accountAdvice" class="org.aspect.AccountAdvice"></bean>
<!--切面--> <aop:config> <aop:aspect ref="accountAdvice"> <!--切入点表达式--> <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* org.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl.*(..))" id="myPointCut"/> <!--环绕增强--> <aop:around method="myAround" pointcut-ref="myPointCut"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config>
</beans>
(4) 测试
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring/spring-service.xml");
IAccountService proxy = (IAccountService) context.getBean("accountService");
proxy.transfer();
}
}
结果:
Before
调用dao层,完成转账主业务.
After
Spring AspectJ实例—基于注解
(1) 业务类
public interface IAccountService { //主业务逻辑: 转账 void transfer(); } @Component public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService { @Override public void transfer() { System.out.println("调用dao层,完成转账主业务."); } }
(2) 切面
这里就不再叫增强了, 因为有了切入点和增强, 叫切面更好.
@Component @Aspect public class AccountAspect{ //切入点 @Pointcut("execution(* org.tyshawn.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl.*(..))") private void pointCut(){};
//前置增强 @Before("pointCut()") public void myBefore(JoinPoint joinPoint){ before(); } //后置增强 @After("pointCut()") public void myAfter(JoinPoint joinPoint) { after(); } //环绕增强 @Around("pointCut()") public Object myAround(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable{ before(); Object result = joinPoint.proceed(); after(); return result; } //抛出异常增强 @AfterThrowing(value = "pointCut()", throwing = "e") public void myThrowing(JoinPoint joinPoint, Throwable e) { System.out.println("抛出异常增强: " + e.getMessage()); } private void before() { System.out.println("Before"); } private void after(){ System.out.println("After"); }
}
(3) 配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--注解扫描--> <context:component-scan base-package="org.tyshawn"></context:component-scan> <!--自动代理 --> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
</beans>
(4) 测试
public class Test{ public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring/spring-service.xml"); IAccountService proxy = (IAccountService) context.getBean("accountServiceImpl"); proxy.transfer(); } } 结果: Before Before 调用dao层,完成转账主业务. After After
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