ListView实现过程

转自郭神的《第一行代码》第3版

①自定义ListView每行的组件类（比如每行包含一张图片和一段文字）

class Fruit(val name:String,val imageId:Int)

②新建每行组件的布局文件fruit_item.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
              android:layout_width="match_parent"
              android:layout_height="60dp">
  <ImageView
             android:id="@+id/fruitImage"
             android:layout_width="40dp"
             android:layout_height="40dp"
             android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
             android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>
  <TextView
            android:id="@+id/fruitName"
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
             android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
             android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

在Activity布局文件activity_main.xml中新建ListView

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
              android:layout_width="match_parent"
              android:layout_height="60dp">
  <ListView
            android:id="@+id/listView"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>

③自定义适配器FruitAdapter，继承自ArrayAdapter，并将<泛型>指定为前面定义的类

class FruitAdapter(activity:Activity,val resourceId:Int,data:List<Fruit>):ArrayAdapter<Fruit>(activity,resourceId,data){
  inner class ViewHolder(val fruitImage:ImageView,val fruitName:TextView)
  //ViewHolder缓存了每行的组件
  override fun getView(position:Int,convertView:View?,parent:ViewGroup):View{
    val view:View
    val viewHolder:ViewHolder
    if(convertView == null){
      //convertView缓存了之前加载好的布局以便重用
      view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(resourceId,parent,false)
      
      val fruitImage:ImageView= view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage)
      val fruitName:TextView=view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName)
      viewHolder = ViewHolder(fruitImage,fruitName)
      
      view.tag=viewHolder
    }else{
      view=convertView
      viewHolder=view.tag as ViewHolder
    }
    
    val fruit=getItem(position) //获取当前项的Fruit实例
    if(fruit != null){
      viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.imageId)
      viewHolder.fruitName.text=fruit.name
    }
    return view
  }
}

④在MainActivity中启动

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity(){
  private val fruitList=ArrayList<Fruit>()
  
  override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState:Bundle?){
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
    
    initFruits() //新建数据
    
    val adapter = FruitAdapter(this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList)
    listView.adapter=adapter
  }
  
  private fun initFruits(){
    repeat(2){
      fruitList.add(Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple_pic))
      fruitList.add(Fruit("Banana",R.drawable.Banana_pic))
    }
  }
}