Spring @Bean注解

一、Java Base Container configuration
  The central aitifacts in Spring’s new Java-configuration are @Configuration anntotated classes and @Beanannotated methods.

@Configuration
public class Student {
    @Bean
    public User myUser() {
        return new User();
    }

}

测试：

public void test01() {
        ApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Student.class);
        System.out.println(ac.getBean("myUser",User.class));
    }

在上面的测试例子中：即使Student上面没有@Configuration注解也能正常工作，Spring Container中的bean的名称为方法的名称(myUser)
1.1 使用register(Class)的方式来创建容器
  An AnnotationConfigApplicationContext may be instantiated using a no-arg constructor and then configured using the register() method. This approach is particularly useful when programmatically building an AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.
Controller

@Configuration
public class StudentController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentService studentService;

    public Student getStudent() {
        return studentService.getStudent();
    }
}

Service

@Configuration
public class StudentService {
    @Autowired
    private StudentDAO studentDAO;
    public Student getStudent() {
        return studentDAO.getStudent();
    }   
}

@Configuration
public class StudentDAO {
    public Student getStudent() {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setAge(20);
        student.setName("gbx");
        return student;
    }
}

测试类：

public void test01() {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
        ac.register(StudentController.class);
        ac.register(StudentService.class);
        ac.register(StudentDAO.class);
        ac.refresh();
        StudentController sc = ac.getBean(StudentController.class);
        System.out.println(sc.getStudent().getAge());
    }

结果会输出DAO中注入进去的20，上面的例子中即使是Controller、Service、DAO上面不加@Configuration，也能正常运行，因为已近将这几类交给了Spring容器。

1.2 包的扫描
在上面例子中，在StudentController上面加上：

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages="com.google")
public class StudentController {

此时就可以在测试类中直接写：

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
        ac.register(StudentController.class);
        ac.refresh();
        StudentController sc = ac.getBean(StudentController.class);
        System.out.println(sc.getStudent().getAge());

  因为在注册StudentController的时候，发现上面有注解ComponentScan，此时会扫描包，当类上面有注解@Component、@Configuration时全都会自动注册进Spring容器中，因此不需要显示地加载Service和DAO了，但是此时的Service和DAO上面必须有相应的注解，否则报错。
  更简单的写法是：

public void test01() {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
        ac.scan("com.google");
        ac.refresh();
        StudentController sc = ac.getBean(StudentController.class);
        System.out.println(sc.getStudent().getAge());
    }

  此时直接进行包的扫描，不需要指定具体注册的类。其中ac.refresh()很关键，如果有类注册进来，必须进行refresh操作，否则取不到相应的Bean。
  同XML扫描类型：java-annotation 扫描也会扫描@Component @Controller @Service @Repository @Configuration这些注解类，并将其交给Spring容器。

1.3 @Bean注解
  当进行包的扫描时，也会扫描组件中的@Bean注解，将其注册在Spring容器中：

@Configuration
public class StudentController {
    @Autowired
    private StudentService studentService;
    @Bean
    public AccountService accountService() {
        return new AccountService();
    }

此时，会将一个AccountService的实例注册在容器中，通过ac.getBean(“accountService”,AccountService.class)来取到注册进来的bean。