前言
最近几天都在学习pyTorch,深度学习入门的确很难,下面是自己学习pytorch写的一些代码注释,请大家多多支持
加载并标准化CIFAR10
transform = transforms.Compose(
[transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))])#用均值和标准偏差对张量图像进行标准化
#前一个括号为mean,后一个括号是std,image=(image-mean)/std
#前面的(0.5,0.5,0.5) 是 R G B 三个通道上的均值, 后面(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)是三个通道的标准差,
#torchvision.transforms是pytorch中的图像预处理包。一般用Compose把多个步骤整合到一起
trainset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data', train=True,
download=True, transform=transform)
trainloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(trainset, batch_size=4,
shuffle=True, num_workers=2)
testset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data', train=False,
download=True, transform=transform)
testloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(testset, batch_size=4,
shuffle=False, num_workers=2)
classes = ('plane', 'car', 'bird', 'cat',
'deer', 'dog', 'frog', 'horse', 'ship', 'truck')
展示图片
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
#functions to show an image
def imshow(img):
img = img / 2 + 0.5 # unnormalize上一步的标准化的逆变换,返回原来的图片
npimg = img.numpy()#将torch.FloatTensor 转换为numpy
plt.imshow(np.transpose(npimg, (1, 2, 0)))
'''因为在plt.imshow在现实的时候输入的是(imagesize,imagesize,channels)
而def imshow(img,text,should_save=False)中
参数img的格式为(channels,imagesize,imagesize)
这两者的格式不一致,我们需要调用一次np.transpose函数,
即np.transpose(npimg,(1,2,0)),
将npimg的数据格式由(channels,imagesize,imagesize)
转化为(imagesize,imagesize,channels),进行格式的转换后方可进行显示。'''
plt.show()
#get some random training images
dataiter = iter(trainloader)
images, labels = dataiter.next()
#打包后的数据集使用 iter() 获取一个批次的数据。
#show images
imshow(torchvision.utils.make_grid(images))
#make_grid的作用是将若干幅图像拼成一幅图像。
#print labels
print(' '.join('%5s' % classes[labels[j]] for j in range(4)))
#python字符串格式化 ' '.join表示用空格来连接后面的字符串
定义卷积神经网络
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 6, 5)
self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, 120)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84)
self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))
x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
x = x.view(-1, 16 * 5 * 5)
x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
x = F.relu(self.fc2(x))
x = self.fc3(x)
return x
net = Net()
定义损失函数和优化器(使用分类交叉熵损失和带有动量的SGD)
import torch.optim as optim
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.001, momentum=0.9)
#训练网络
for epoch in range(2): # loop over the dataset multiple times
running_loss = 0.0
for i, data in enumerate(trainloader, 0):
# get the inputs; data is a list of [inputs, labels]
inputs, labels = data
# zero the parameter gradients
optimizer.zero_grad()#把梯度置零,也就是把loss关于weight的导数变成0
# forward + backward + optimize
outputs = net(inputs)#定义网络
loss = criterion(outputs, labels)#定义loss: criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
loss.backward()#自动求导
optimizer.step()
#用来更新参数的,定义优化方法: optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.001, momentum=0.9)
# print statistics
running_loss += loss.item()
if i % 2000 == 1999: # print every 2000 mini-batches,每个2000次之类先用running_loss进行累加
print('[%d, %5d] loss: %.3f' %
(epoch + 1, i + 1, running_loss / 2000))#然后再除以2000,就得到这两千次的平均损失值
running_loss = 0.0# # 这一个2000次结束后,就把running_loss归零,下一个2000次继续使用
print('Finished Training')
在测试数据上测试网络
dataiter = iter(testloader)
images, labels = dataiter.next()
# print images
imshow(torchvision.utils.make_grid(images))
print('GroundTruth: ', ' '.join('%5s' % classes[labels[j]] for j in range(4)))
net = Net()
outputs = net(images)
_, predicted = torch.max(outputs, 1)
print('Predicted: ', ' '.join('%5s' % classes[predicted[j]]
for j in range(4)))
网络在整个数据集上的表现
correct = 0
total = 0
with torch.no_grad():
for data in testloader:
images, labels = data
outputs = net(images)
_, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
total += labels.size(0)
correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()
print('Accuracy of the network on the 10000 test images: %d %%' % (
100 * correct / total))
分类看
class_correct = list(0. for i in range(10))
class_total = list(0. for i in range(10))
with torch.no_grad():
for data in testloader:
images, labels = data
outputs = net(images)
_, predicted = torch.max(outputs, 1)
c = (predicted == labels).squeeze()
for i in range(4):
label = labels[i]
class_correct[label] += c[i].item()
class_total[label] += 1
for i in range(10):
print('Accuracy of %5s : %2d %%' % (
classes[i], 100 * class_correct[i] / class_total[i])