《快学scala》笔记一

val声明常量

val answer=8*5+2  //answer：Int = 42
answer = 10   //error

var声明变量

var answer = "Hello"   //answer :String = Hello
answer = "world"   //answer :String = world

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Scala的类型是类

Byte Char Short Int Long Float Double Boolean

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操作符实际是方法

a+b 其实是 a.+(b) (这里的+是方法名)
scala并不提供++和–操作，递增时 i+=1

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条件表达式

val s = if(x>0) 1 else -1
val s = if(x>0) 1 else ()  //()当做是无有用值的占位符，Unit==void

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循环表达式

while(n>0){
    r=r*n
    n-=1
}

for(i <- 1 to n)
    r=r*n

for(i <- 1 to 10) yield i%3    //Vector(1,2,0,1,2,0,1,2,0,1)

1 to n [1,n]
1 until n [1,n)

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数组

定长数组：

val nums = new Array[Int] (10)  //10个整数的数组，元素初始化为0
val s = Array("Hello","world")  //已提供初值的不需要new

变长数组：

import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
val b = ArrayBuffer[Int]()
b  += 1  //ArrayBuffer(1)
b  += (1,2,3,4,5)   //ArrayBuffer(1,1,2,3,4,5)
b  ++= Array(8,13,21)   //ArrayBuffer(1,1,2,3,4,5,8,13,21)
b.trimEnd(5)  //移除最后5个元素 ArrayBuffer(1,1,2,3)
b.toArray   //Array(1,1,2,3)

遍历数组：

for( i <- 0 until a.length ) println(i)
0 until (a.length,2)  //每两个元素一跳
(0 until a.length).reverse  //从数组尾端开始

for(…) yield 循环创建一个类型与原集合相同的新集合

for(elem <- a if elem % 2 == 0) yield 2*elem
a.filter(_%2==0).map(2*_)

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映射

val scores = Map("Alice"->10,"Bob->3,"Cindy"->8) //不可变的Map[String,Int]
val scores = Map(("Alice",10),("Bob,3),("Cindy",8))  

val bobScore = scores("Bob")  
val bobScore = if (scores.contains("Bob")) scores("Bob") else 0  
val bobScore = scores.getOrElse("Bob",0)  

scores("Bob") =10
scores += ("Bob"->10,"Fred"->7)
scores -= "Alice" 
val newScores = scores + ("Bob"->10,"Fred"->7)

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元组

val t = (1,3.14,"Fred")
t._2=3.14
val (first,second,_) = t

//拉链操作
val symbols = Array("<","-",">")
val counts = Array(2,10,2)
val paris = symbols.zip(counts)  //Array((">",2),("-",10),(">",2))
for((s,n) <- paris) print(s*n)  //打印<<---------->>