val声明常量
val answer=8*5+2 //answer:Int = 42
answer = 10 //error
var声明变量
var answer = "Hello" //answer :String = Hello
answer = "world" //answer :String = world
Scala的类型是类
Byte Char Short Int Long Float Double Boolean
操作符实际是方法
a+b 其实是 a.+(b) (这里的+是方法名)
scala并不提供++和–操作,递增时 i+=1
条件表达式
val s = if(x>0) 1 else -1
val s = if(x>0) 1 else () //()当做是无有用值的占位符,Unit==void
循环表达式
while(n>0){
r=r*n
n-=1
}
for(i <- 1 to n)
r=r*n
for(i <- 1 to 10) yield i%3 //Vector(1,2,0,1,2,0,1,2,0,1)
1 to n [1,n]
1 until n [1,n)
数组
定长数组:
val nums = new Array[Int] (10) //10个整数的数组,元素初始化为0
val s = Array("Hello","world") //已提供初值的不需要new
变长数组:
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
val b = ArrayBuffer[Int]()
b += 1 //ArrayBuffer(1)
b += (1,2,3,4,5) //ArrayBuffer(1,1,2,3,4,5)
b ++= Array(8,13,21) //ArrayBuffer(1,1,2,3,4,5,8,13,21)
b.trimEnd(5) //移除最后5个元素 ArrayBuffer(1,1,2,3)
b.toArray //Array(1,1,2,3)
遍历数组:
for( i <- 0 until a.length ) println(i)
0 until (a.length,2) //每两个元素一跳
(0 until a.length).reverse //从数组尾端开始
for(…) yield 循环创建一个类型与原集合相同的新集合
for(elem <- a if elem % 2 == 0) yield 2*elem
a.filter(_%2==0).map(2*_)
映射
val scores = Map("Alice"->10,"Bob->3,"Cindy"->8) //不可变的Map[String,Int]
val scores = Map(("Alice",10),("Bob,3),("Cindy",8))
val bobScore = scores("Bob")
val bobScore = if (scores.contains("Bob")) scores("Bob") else 0
val bobScore = scores.getOrElse("Bob",0)
scores("Bob") =10
scores += ("Bob"->10,"Fred"->7)
scores -= "Alice"
val newScores = scores + ("Bob"->10,"Fred"->7)
元组
val t = (1,3.14,"Fred")
t._2=3.14
val (first,second,_) = t
//拉链操作
val symbols = Array("<","-",">")
val counts = Array(2,10,2)
val paris = symbols.zip(counts) //Array((">",2),("-",10),(">",2))
for((s,n) <- paris) print(s*n) //打印<<---------->>