tar命令使用及tar实现全备份和增量备份

首先弄清楚何为全备、增量备份、差异备份。简而言之，可以这样理解：

• 全备：对所有的文件做一次备份。
• 增量备份：本次和上一次的的差异。
• 差异备份：在全备的基础上做备份。

一 tar命令

#创建测试文件夹和文件
[root@serv01 web]# cd /data
[root@serv01 data]# ls
[root@serv01 data]# mkdir /work
[root@serv01 data]# mkdir /work/upload
[root@serv01 data]# cd /work/upload/
[root@serv01 upload]# touchaa0{1,2,3,4,5}.txt
[root@serv01 upload]# ls
aa01.txt aa02.txt  aa03.txt  aa04.txt aa05.txt
 
#创建压缩包
[root@serv01 data]# tar -cvf upload01.tar/work/upload/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/work/upload/
/work/upload/aa03.txt
/work/upload/aa01.txt
/work/upload/aa04.txt
/work/upload/aa05.txt
/work/upload/aa02.txt
#查看压缩包里面包含的文件
[root@serv01 data]# tar -tf upload01.tar
work/upload/
work/upload/aa03.txt
work/upload/aa01.txt
work/upload/aa04.txt
work/upload/aa05.txt
work/upload/aa02.txt
#删除掉数据，模拟数据丢失
[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf /work
#解压
[root@serv01 data]# tar -xvf upload01.tar-C /
work/upload/
work/upload/aa03.txt
work/upload/aa01.txt
work/upload/aa04.txt
work/upload/aa05.txt
work/upload/aa02.txt
[root@serv01 data]# ls /work
upload
[root@serv01 data]# ls
upload01.tar
#压缩时包含文件路径
[root@serv01 data]# tar -cPvf upload02.tar/work/upload/
/work/upload/
/work/upload/aa03.txt
/work/upload/aa01.txt
/work/upload/aa04.txt
/work/upload/aa05.txt
/work/upload/aa02.txt
#解压时就不需要指定文件路径了
[root@serv01 data]# tar -xPvf upload02.tar
/work/upload/
/work/upload/aa03.txt
/work/upload/aa01.txt
/work/upload/aa04.txt
/work/upload/aa05.txt
/work/upload/aa02.txt
[root@serv01 data]# ls /work/
upload
      
#不一定需要f参数，可以使用重定向解决
[root@serv01 data]# tar -cv upload03.tar/work/upload/
tar: upload03.tar: Cannot stat: No suchfile or directory
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/work/upload/
/work/upload/aa03.txt
/work/upload/aa01.txt
/work/upload/aa04.txt
/work/upload/aa05.txt
/work/upload/aa02.txt
work/upload/00007550000000000000000000000000121766767060120445ustar  rootrootwork/upload/aa03.txt00006440