网络编程
1.1、网络通信的要素
1.网络编程中两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
2.网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号
- 网络通信协议 udp.tcp
1.2、IP
ip地址：InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
127.0.0.1 本机localhost
-
ip地址的分类
-
ipv4/ipv6
- IPV4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成，0~255,42亿；30亿都在北美，亚洲4亿
- IPV6 128位 ，8个无符号整数
-
公网（互联网）-私网（局域网）
- ABCD地址
- 192.168.xx.xx专门给组织内部使用的
-
-
域名：记忆IP问题
//测试IP public class TestInetAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //查询本机地址 InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); System.out.println(inetAddress1); InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); System.out.println(inetAddress3); InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(inetAddress4); //查询网站ip地址 InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(inetAddress2); //常用方法 System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字 System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名，或者自己电脑的名字 } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
1.3、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程；
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号！用来区分软件
-
被规定0~65535
-
TCP,UDP：65535*2 tcp:80,udp:80码，单个协议下，端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
-
程序注册端口：1024~49151，分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracl:1521
-
动态、私有：49152~65535
//简单的dox命令 netstst -ano//查看所有端口 netstat -ano|findstr"5900"//查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr"8696"//查看指定端口的jinche 打开任务管理器快捷键：ctrl+shift+esc -
public class InetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { java.net.InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new java.net.InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); java.net.InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new java.net.InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址 System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口 } }
-
1.4、通信协议
TCP打电话，稳定；UDP发短信，不稳定
1 .5、TCP
客户端
-
链接服务器Socket
-
发送消息
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.Socket; public class TcpClientDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { OutputStream os = null; Socket socket = null; try { //1.要知道服务器的地址，端口号 InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); int port = 9999; //2.创建一个socket连接 socket = new Socket(serverIP,port); //3.发送消息 IO流 os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("你好，欢迎学习java".getBytes()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { //关闭资源 if(os!=null){ try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(socket!=null){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
服务端
-
建立服务的端口ServerSocket
-
等待用户的连接accept
-
接收用户的消息
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; public class TcpServerDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { ByteArrayOutputStream baos =null; InputStream is = null; Socket socket = null; ServerSocket serverSocket = null; try { //1.得有一个地址 serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999); while (true){ //2.等待客户端连接过来 socket = serverSocket.accept(); //3.读取客户端的消息 is = socket.getInputStream(); //管道流 baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){ baos.write(buffer,0,len); } System.out.println(baos.toString()); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { //关闭资源 if(baos!=null){ try { baos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(is!=null){ try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(socket!=null){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(serverSocket!=null){ try { serverSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
文件上传
客户端
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os =socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\XJAVADM\\JAVASE\\基础语法\\src\\1.png"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器，我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//已近传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕，才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务器端
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.png"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义S
- Tomcat服务器S
客户端
- 自定义C
- 浏览器B
1.6、UDP
发送消息
发短信，不用连接，需要知道对方的地址
发送端：
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊，服务器！";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据，数据的长度起始，要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端：
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSeverDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0, packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
咨询
循环发送消息
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据：控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接收消息
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询，两个人都可以是发送方，也都可以是接收方。
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
String data = null;
try {
data = reader.readLine();
byte[] dates = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(dates,0, dates.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
try {
socket.receive(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+": "+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.7、URL
统一资源定位符：定位资源的，定位互联网上的某一个资源
协议：//ip地址：端口/项目名/资源
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloword/index.jsp?username=liqing&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
下载网络资源
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://static.hdslb.com/mobile/img/512.png");
//2.连接到这个资源
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("512.png");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
131
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
