epoll socket编程中的错误处理

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-13 17:09:10 发布

WilliamCode

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-13 17:09:10 发布

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epoll socket编程中的错误处理

epoll_wait返回状态中的错误处理

epoll可能返回的状态

根据文档，epoll_wait将在epoll_event结构体中返回如下事件

EPOLLIN：可读
EPOLLOUT：可写
EPOLLRDHUP：对端关闭连接或对端关闭写半端
EPOLLPRI：意料之外的事件，包括
- 最常见：带外数据到达
- A pseudoterminal master in packet mode has seen a state change on the slave
- A cgroup.events file has been modified
EPOLLERR：发生错误
EPOLLHUP：连接关闭
其它错误

muduo网络库的处理方式

核心代码为（经过删改）：

if ((revents_ & POLLHUP) && !(revents_ & POLLIN))
  {
    // 没有数据可以读，且连接已关闭
    if (closeCallback_) closeCallback_();
  }
  // 出现错误
  if (revents_ & (POLLERR | POLLNVAL))
  {
    if (errorCallback_) errorCallback_();
  }
  // 可读、或者连接已经半关闭。调用读函数，如果读到了EOF，则对端已关闭写半端；调用写函数，则收到SIGPIP信号或者收EPIPE错误，则连接已完全关闭  
  if (revents_ & (POLLIN | POLLPRI | POLLRDHUP))
  {
    if (readCallback_) readCallback_(receiveTime);
  }
  // 可写，调用可写回调
  if (revents_ & POLLOUT)
  {
    if (writeCallback_) writeCallback_();
  }

libevent的处理方式

// 遇到错误或者连接断开，则标记为可读可写，这样，会在read遇到EOF，会在write遇到EPIPE，进行错误处理
if (what & EPOLLERR) {
    ev = EV_READ | EV_WRITE;
// 遇到连接已经完全关闭，相同处理
} else if ((what & EPOLLHUP) && !(what & EPOLLRDHUP)) {
    ev = EV_READ | EV_WRITE;
} else {
    if (what & EPOLLIN)
        ev |= EV_READ;
    if (what & EPOLLOUT)
        ev |= EV_WRITE;
    // libevent的解释为：there is now an EV_CLOSED flag that programs can use to detect 
    // when a socket has closed without having to read all the bytes until receiving an EOF
    // 即，libevent选择在read或者write时处理EPOLLHUP，但是如果出现了EPOLLRDHUP，其实不用再读完所有数据就可以直到连接已经半关闭
    if (what & EPOLLRDHUP)
        ev |= EV_CLOSED;
}

一个实验及建议的处理方式（Ubuntu18.04）

服务器
服务器监听端口，然后用epoll监听客户端的fd，将相应的可用事件打印

#define MAX 80
#define PORT 8080
#define SA struct sockaddr

int main()
{
    int sockfd, connfd;
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr{}, cli{};
    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
    // socket create and verification
    sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    // Binding newly created socket to given IP and verification
    if ((bind(sockfd, (SA*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr))) != 0) {
        printf("socket bind failed...\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    else
        printf("Socket successfully binded..\n");

    // Now server is ready to listen and verification
    if ((listen(sockfd, 5)) != 0) {
        printf("Listen failed...\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    else
        printf("Server listening..\n");
    socklen_t len = sizeof(cli);

    int epoll_fd = epoll_create1(0);
    std::thread t([&](){
        while(1){
            constexpr size_t MAX_EVENTS = 1024;
            struct epoll_event events[MAX_EVENTS]{};
            auto event_count = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, events, MAX_EVENTS, 1000);
            for (int i=0; i<event_count; i++){
                cout << "epoll ret for fd " << events[i].data.fd << " { ";
                auto e = events[i].events;
                auto fd = events[i].data.fd;
                if (e & EPOLLIN) cout << "EPOLLIN, ";
                if (e & EPOLLOUT) cout << "EPOLLOUT, ";
                if (e & EPOLLRDHUP) cout << "EPOLLRDHUP, ";
                if (e & EPOLLPRI) cout << "EPOLLPRI, ";
                if (e & EPOLLERR) cout << "EPOLLERR, ";
                if (e & EPOLLHUP) cout << "EPOLLHUP, ";
                cout << " } ";
                char buffer[1024];
                auto nread = read(fd, buffer, 1024);    // will block. please set it nonblock
                cout << "read: " << nread << "\t\t";
                if ((e & EPOLLHUP) || (e & EPOLLRDHUP)){
                    auto nwrite = write(fd, buffer, 1);
                    cout << "write " << nwrite << "\t\t";
                    if (nread == 0){    // EOF, half closed or closed
                    }
                    if (nwrite == -1){   // closed
                        close(fd);
                    }
                }
                cout << "\n";
            }
        }
    });
    while(1) {
        connfd = accept(sockfd, (SA *) &cli, &len);
        if (connfd < 0) {
            printf("server accept failed...\n");
            exit(0);
        } else
            printf("server accept the client...\n");
        struct epoll_event event{};
        event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDHUP | EPOLLPRI | EPOLLERR | EPOLLHUP;
        event.data.fd = connfd;
        epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, connfd, &event);
    }
}

客户端
客户端我们可以做4种尝试，分别是：关闭写半端、关闭读半端、关闭连接或者让程序自行停止，操作系统帮我们关闭连接

#define MAX 80
#define PORT 8080
#define SA struct sockaddr

int main()
{
    int sockfd, connfd;
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cli;

    // socket create and verification
    sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sockfd == -1) {
        printf("socket creation failed...\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    else
        printf("Socket successfully created..\n");
    bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));

    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    // connect the client socket to server socket
    if (connect(sockfd, (SA*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr))
        != 0) {
        printf("connection with the server failed...\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    else
        printf("connected to the server..\n");

    char buf[1024] = {"test"};
    write(sockfd, buf, 4);
    // shutdown(sockfd, SHUT_WR);
    // shutdown(sockfd, SHUT_RD);
    // close(sockfd);
    sleep(5);
}

实验结果为：

客户端行为	服务端的事件
shutdown(sockfd, SHUT_WR)	Epoll报告EPOLLRDHUP，服务端读到EOF，但是socket仍然可写
shutdown(sockfd, SHUT_RD)	Epoll没有报告EPOLLRDHUP或者EPOLLHUP，这也印证了，关闭读半端只是调用方自行丢弃了读到的数据，并未对连接产生影响
close(sockfd)	Epoll报告EPOLLRDHUP，服务端读到EOF，socket写返回EPIPE错误
程序自行终止	和调用close的行为一样

Epoll没有报告过EPOLLHUP。但根据其语义，出现EPOLLHUP、EPOLLERR，连接都应该关闭

综合上述结果，可以做这样处理。这里没有处理EPOLLPRI

auto what = event.events;
if ((what & EPOLLRDHUP) || (what & EPOLLHUP) || (what & EPOLLERR)){
    auto nread = read(...);
    auto readErrno = errno;
    auto nwrite = write(...);
    auto writeErrno = errno;
    // 处理读取的数据
    // ...
    // 如果读半端被关闭，但是连接可写，则认为是半关闭
    if (nread == 0 && !(nwrite == -1 && writeErrno == EPIPE)){
        // 半关闭
    }
    else if (nread == 0 && nwrite == -1 && writeErrno == EPIPE){
        // 连接已完全关闭
    }
}
else if (what & EPOLLIN){   // 可读
    read(...);
}
else if (what & EPOLLOUT){  // 可写
    write(...); 
}