SpringBoot(4)wep开发(1)-----webjar + Thymeleaf + freemaker的详解
1、 创建SpringBoot应用后,SpringBoot将基本的功能都自动配置好了
自动配置原理是什么呢?
在SpringBoot的依赖类中主要是以下两个类帮我们实现自动配置
xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;
2、 搭建wep开发需要引入静态资源
SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则如下:
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
//可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
return;
}
Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations(
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
//静态资源文件夹映射
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(
this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
}
//配置欢迎页映射
@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
//配置喜欢的图标
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public static class FaviconConfiguration {
private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
//所有 **/favicon.ico
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
faviconRequestHandler()));
return mapping;
}
@Bean
public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler
.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
return requestHandler;
}
}
1) 引入webjar
所有
/webjars/**
,都去
classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/
找资源;
webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/5aa2446501ca7cb06aca3d0493856e38.png)
访问localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js即可
在xml文件中引入依赖
<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>
2
)、
"/**"
访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射
localhost:8080/abc ===
去静态资源文件夹里面找
abc
3)、欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;
localhost:8080/
找
index
页面
4
)、所有的
**/favicon.ico
都是在静态资源文件下找;
3.模板引擎
常用得模板引擎有
JSP
、
Velocity
、
Freemarker
、
Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;
1)引入Thymeleaf
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
2.1.6
</dependency>
切换thymeleaf版本
<properties>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!-- 布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 -->
<!-- thymeleaf2 layout1-->
<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
</properties>
2)
Thymeleaf
使用
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
从上面的搜谱ringboot的源码中我们能看到只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;
使用:
a、导入thymeleaf的名称空间
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
b、使用thymeleaf语法;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>成功!</h1>
<!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
<div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>
3)、语法规则
a)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/c6669b883b3913f9e465f2bdf88d8e20.png)
b)、表达式?
Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
2)、使用内置的基本对象:
#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
${session.foo}
3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
<div th:object="${session.user}">
<p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>
Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals(字面量)
Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
If-then: (if) ? (then)
If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
No-Operation: _
c)改变前端页面的编码方式,让其不乱码,也是改变properties配置文件的编码方式
file ---->otherSettings------>defaultSettings---->搜索File Encoding----->编码方式改为utf-8,勾上右侧小框
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/4c3feb8ca0470b4fb7f86535564f5fad.png)
4 freemaker使用方法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<#--变量-->
${value1}</br>
${value2?if_exists}</br> <#--如果存在输出,不存在不输出-->
${value2!}</br> <#--如果存在输出,不存在不输出-->
${value2?default("默认")}</br> <#--如果不存在输出默认值-->
<#--字符串拼接-->
${"this value is ${value1}"}</br>
<#--字符串截取-->
<#assign str = "qwertyuiop">
${str?substring(0,4)}</br> <#--输出qwer-->
${str[0]}${str[2]}</br> <#--输出qe-->
${str[0..4]}</br> <#--输出qwert-->
<#--直接在这里面设置变量-->
<#assign title = "问答">
${title}</br>
<#--遍历集合-->
<#list Colors as col>
Color:${col}
</br>
</#list>
<#list Colors as col>
${col}
</#list>
</br>
<#--遍历map的第一种方式-->
<#--获取Maps的key-->
<#assign keys= maps?keys/>
<#--遍历Map-->
<#list keys as key>
Key:${key},Value:${maps["${key}"]}
</#list>
</br>
<#--遍历map的第二种方式-->
<#list maps?keys as key>
Key:${key},Value:${maps["${key}"]}
</#list>
</br>
<#--遍历Map中的value-->
<#list maps?values as value>
Value:${value}
</#list>
</br>
<#--取出自己定义的类中的变量-->
User:${User.name?if_exists}</br>
User: ${"Hello " + User.name}</br>
<#--这个检测不到-->
UserDescription:${User.description?if_exists}</br>
UserDescription:${User.userDescription()!}</br>
<#--包含另一个html文件-->
<#--是否作为ftl语法解析,默认是true,false就是以文本方式引入,
注意:在ftl文件里布尔值都是直接赋值的如parse=true,而不是parse="true"-->
<#include "/header.html" encoding="UTF-8" parse=false></br>
<#include "/header.html" encoding="UTF-8" parse=true>
</body>
</html>
对应的java端的代码
@RequestMapping("/home")
public String index(Model model){
model.addAttribute("value1","aaaaa");
List<String> colors = Arrays.asList(new String[] {"green","red","blue"});
model.addAttribute("Colors",colors);
Map<String,String> maps = new HashMap<>();
for (int i=0;i<3;++i){
maps.put(String.valueOf(i),String.valueOf(i*i));
}
model.addAttribute("maps",maps);
model.addAttribute("User",new User("Lee"));
return "home";
}
@RequestMapping("/request")
@ResponseBody
public String request(Model model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session){
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
// Iterator iterator = (Iterator) request.getHeaderNames();
// while (iterator.hasNext()){
// String name = (String)iterator.next();
// sb.append(name +": " + request.getHeader(name) + "</br>");
//
// }
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = headerNames.nextElement();
sb.append(name + ": "+ request.getHeader(name) + "</br>");
}
if(request.getCookies() != null){
for(Cookie cookie : request.getCookies()){
sb.append("Name: "+cookie.getName()+","+ "Value:" + cookie.getValue()+"</br>");
}
}
sb.append(request.getMethod() + "</br>");
sb.append(request.getRequestURI() + "</br>");
return sb.toString();
}
其实freemaker的用法很简单只要能够理解他的语法,然后的后台的代码对应好就可以