C++类与对象章节简单模版及作业题

1、内联函数.

class Point{
  public:
      void init (int initX,int initY){
         x=initX;
         y=initY;
      }
      int getX(){return x;}
      int getY(){return y;}
  private:
      int x,y;
};

 2、构造函数

class Clock{
public:
     Clock(int newH,int newM,int newS);            //构造函数
     void setTime(int newH,int newM,int newS);
     void showTime();
private:
     int hour, minute,second;
};
//构造函数的实现
Clock::Clock(int newH,int newM,int newS){
     hour=newH;
     minute=newM;
     second=newS;
}
//构造函数的实现
int main(){
    Clock c(0,0,0);        //隐含调用构造函数，将初始值作为实参。
    c.showTime();
    return 0;
}

3、拷贝构造函数

class Point{
public:
     Point(int xx=0,int yy=0){x=xx;y=yy;}
     Point(Point& p);
     int getX(){return x;}
     int getY(){return y;}
private:
     int x,y;
};
Point::Point(Point& p){
     x=p.x;
     y=p.y;
}

4、构造函数和析构函数

class Point{
public:
     Point(int xx, int yy);
     Point(Point &p);
     ~Point();
     int getX(){return X;}
     int getY(){return Y;}
private:
 int x,y;
};
Point::Point(int xx, int yy){
  x=xx;
  y=yy;
}
Point::~Point(){
}

5、组合类的构造函数

Line::Line(Point xp1,Point xp2):p1(xp1),p2(xp2)
{
       cout<<"Line构造函数被调用“<<endl;
       double x=double(p1.GetX()-p2.GetX());
       double y=double(p1.GetY()-p2.GetY());
       len=sqrt(x*x+y*y);
}

6、组合类的拷贝构造函数

Line::Line (Line &Seg):p1(Seg.p1),p2(Seg.p2)
{
      cout<<"Line拷贝构造函数被调用“<<endl;
      len=Seg.len;
}

7、复数运算

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex{.           //复数类
private:
    float real,imag;     //复数的实部和虚部
public:
    //构造函数，可以当作隐式类型转换使用
    Complex(float real=0,float imag=0):real(real),image(image){}
    //复数加法，生成临时对象并返回
    Complex add(Complex c){
       return Complex(real+c.real,imag+c.imag);
    }
    //复数减法，生成临时对象并返回
    Complex sub(Complex c){
       return Complex(real-c.real,imag-c.imag);
    }
   //复数乘法，生成临时对象并返回
    Complex mul(Complex c){
       return Complex(real*c.real-imag*c.imag,real*c.imag+imag*c.real);
    }
   //显示复数
   void show(){
       if(imag>=0)
           cout<<real<<"+"<<imag<<'i'<<endl;
       else
           cout<<real<<"-"<<-imag<<'i'<<end;
   }
};
int main(){
     Complex z(1,2);
     z.add(Complex(3,4)).show();        //Complex(3,4)是临时对象
     static_cast<Complex>(5).sub(z).show();      //输出5-Z，使用了显示类型转换
     z.mul(-3.0f).show();                   //输出值Z*（-3），使用了隐含类型转换
     return 0;
}

8、使用友元函数计算两点距离

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
class Point{
public:
    Point(int x=0,int y=0):x(x),y(y){}
    int getX(){return x;}
    int getY(){return y;}
    friend float dist (Point &a,Point &b);
private:
    int x,y;
};
float dist(Point &a,Point &b){
    double x=a.x-b.x;
    double y=a.y-b.y;
    return static_cast<float>(sort(x*x+y*y));
}
int main(){
   Point p1(1,1),p2(4,5);
   cout<<"The distance is:";
   cout<<dist(p1,p2)<<endl;
   return 0;

}

9、友元类 例2

class A{
    friend class B;
public:
    void display(){
        cout<<x<<endl;
     }
private:
    int x;
}
class B{
public:
    void set(int i);
    void display();
private:
    A a;
};
void B::set(int i){
    a.x=i;
}
void B::display();
}

10、常对象举例

class A
{
   public:
      A(int i,int j){x=i;y=j;}
   private:
      int x,y;
};
A const a(3,4);               //a是常对象，不能被更新

11、常成员函数

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class R{
public:
   R(int r1,int r2):r1(r1),r2(r2){}
   void print();
   void print() const;
private:
   int r1,r2;
};
void R::print(){
   cout<<r1<<":"<<r2<<endl;
}
void R::print() const{
   cout<<r1<<";<<r2<<endl;
}
int main(){
   R a(5,4);
   a.print();
   const R b(20,52);
   b.print();
   return 0;
}

12、常数据成员

class A{
public:
    A(int i);
    void print();
private:
    const int a;
    static const int b;        //静态常数据成员
};
const int A::b=10;
A::A(int i):a(i){}             //常成员a不能在函数体中赋值，只能在初始化的时候赋值
void a::print(){
   cout<<a<<":"<<b<<endl;
}
int main(){
A a1(100),a2(0);
a1.print();
a2.print();
return 0;
}

13、常引用作形参

float dist(const Point &p1,const Point &p2){
    double x=p1.x-p2.x;
    double y=p1.y-p2.y;
    return static_cast<float>(sort(x*x+y*y));
}
int main()
{
    const Point myp1(1,1),myp2(4,5);
    cout<<"The distance is:";
    cout<<dist(myp1,myp2)<<endl;
    return 0;
}