【OC05-1】字典、可变字典 （连载六）

//************* NSDictionary ***************************

//注意：Person。m 文件中重写了 description方法

- ( NSString *)description
{
    return [ NSString stringWithFormat : @"<Person:%p>---%@---%ld" , self , _name , _age ];

}

main.m中

        // 初始化一个字典
        // 注意：字典中所装的数据类型：对象类型，，不可以是基本数据类型
        // 字典是无序的
        //key 通常是字符串， key 必须唯一
        NSDictionary *dic1 = [[ NSDictionary alloc ] initWithObjectsAndKeys : @"v1" , @"k1" , @"v2" , @"k2" , nil ];
        NSLog ( @"dic1 is %@" ,dic1);
       
        // 创建空的数据字典
        NSDictionary *nullDic = [ NSDictionary dictionary ];
        NSLog ( @"nullDic is %@" ,nullDic);
       
        // 创建 Person 对象
        Person *zhangsan = [[Person alloc]init];
        zhangsan.name = @" 张三 " ;
        zhangsan.age = 20 ;
       
        Person *lisi = [[Person alloc]init];
        lisi.name = @" 李四 " ;
        lisi.age = 22 ;
       
        Person *wangwu = [[Person alloc]init];
        wangwu.name = @" 王五 " ;
        wangwu.age = 23 ;
       
        // 创建一个数组 names
        NSArray *names = @[ zhangsan, lisi, wangwu ] ;
       
        NSDictionary *dic2 = [[ NSDictionary alloc ] initWithObjectsAndKeys :
                              @"v1" , @"k1" ,
                              @"v2" , @"k2" ,
                              @"v3" , @"k3" ,
                              names, @"k4" , nil ];
        NSLog ( @"dic2 is %@" ,dic2);
       
        // 从字典中取值，
        // 如果这个 key 不存在，则返回 NULL
        NSString *str1 = [dic2 objectForKey : @"k1" ];
        NSString *str2 = [dic2 objectForKey : @"k2" ];
        NSString *str3 = [dic2 objectForKey : @"k5" ];
        NSLog ( @"str1 is %@" , str1);
        NSLog ( @"str2 is %@" , str2);
        NSLog ( @"str3 is %@" , str3);
       
        // 取出字典中的数组中的第一个元素的姓名
//        NSArray *arr = [dic2 objectForKey:@"k4"];
//        Person *ps = [arr objectAtIndex:0];
//        // 嵌套调用
        Person *ps = [[dic2 objectForKey: @"k4" ] objectAtIndex: 0 ];
        NSLog( @"ps name is %@" ,ps.name);

        // 字典中键值对的个数
        NSInteger count = dic2. count ;
        NSLog ( @"count is %ld" ,count);
       
        // 取出字典中所有的 key
        NSArray *keys = [dic2 allKeys ];
        NSLog ( @"keys is %@" ,keys);
       
        // 取出字典中所有的 value
        NSArray *values = [dic2 allValues ];
        NSLog ( @"values is %@" ,values);
       
        // 字典的快速创建与取值
        NSDictionary *dic3 = @{ @"k1" : @"v1" ,
                               @"k2" : @"v2" ,
                               @"k3" : @"v3" } ;
        NSString *v1 = dic3[ @"k1" ];
       
        NSLog ( @"dic3 is %@" ,dic3);

        NSLog(@"vi is %@",v1);

【可变字典 NSMutableDictionary】

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

int main( int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
       
//******************* NSMutableDictionary *********************************
       
        // 初始化空的字典
        NSMutableDictionary *dic1 = [ NSMutableDictionary dictionary ];
       
        // 给字典预期的空间
//        NSMutableDictionary *dic2 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:5];
       
        // 添加元素
        [dic1 setObject : @"v1" forKey : @"k1" ];
        [dic1 setObject : @"v2" forKey : @"k2" ];
        [dic1 setObject : @"v3" forKey : @"k3" ];
       
        NSLog ( @"dic1 is %@" ,dic1);
       
        // 设置键值对，如果 key 已经存在，则是修改 key 所对应的 value ，如果不存在，则创建一个新的键值对
        [dic1 setObject : @"v5" forKey : @"k5" ];
       
        NSLog ( @"dic1 is %@" ,dic1);
       
        // 根据 key 删除元素
        [dic1 removeObjectForKey : @"k5" ];
        NSLog ( @"dic1 is %@" ,dic1);
       
        // 删除所有元素
        [dic1 removeAllObjects ];
        NSLog ( @"dic1 is %@" ,dic1);
       
        // 字典的遍历
        NSDictionary *dic = @{ @"k1" : @"v1" ,
                              @"k2" : @"v2" ,
                              @"k3" : @"v3" ,
                              @"k4" : @"v4" ,
                              @"k5" : @"v5" } ;
        NSArray *keys = [dic allKeys ];
       
        // 传统遍历
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < dic. count ; i++) {
            // 获取 key
            NSString *key = [keys objectAtIndex :i];
            NSString *value = [dic objectForKey :key];
            NSLog ( @"key:%@-------value:%@" ,key, value);
        }
       
        // 快速遍历
        // 拿到的是 key
        for ( id key in dic) {
            id value = [dic objectForKey :key];
            NSLog ( @"key:%@-------value:%@" ,key, value);
        }
    }
    return 0 ;

}