spring笔记

• Spring依赖注入（DI）   

1. Setter方法注入

   接口、实现类和Helper类：

   // 接口
   public interface People {
     public void talk();
   }

   // 实现类
   public class American implements People {
     public void talk() {
       System.out.println("Hello,I'm an American");
     }
   }

   // Helper类
   public class TalkHelper {
     People people;
     public TalkHelper(People people) {
       this.people = people;
     }
     public void setPeople(People people) {
       this.people = people;
     }
     public void talk() {
       people.talk();
     }
   }

   
   Spring 配置：

   <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
   
   	<bean id="OutputHelper" class="com.winne.talk.TalkHelper">
   		<property name="people" ref="American" />
   	</bean>
   	<bean id="American" class="com.winne.talk.impl.American" />
   
   </beans>

   Test：
   

   import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
   import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
   import com.yiibai.output.OutputHelper;
   
   public class App {
   	public static void main(String[] args) {
   		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
   				"applicationContext.xml"); 
                   TalkHelper talkHelper = (TalkHelper)context.getBean("TalkHelper");
       	        talkHelper.talk();
   	}
   }

   
   
   结果：
   Hello,I'm an American

2. 构造器注入 Spring配置：

   <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
   
   	<bean id="TalkHelper" class="com.winne.talk.TalkHelper">
   		<constructor-arg>
   			<ref bean="American" />
   		</constructor-arg>
   	</bean>
   	<bean id="American" class="com.winne.talk.American" />
   
   </beans>

注：有多参数多构造方法的类使用构造器注入可能会导致类型歧义，解决方案见我的另一篇文章。

• Spring Bean 

• Spring EL 

两个简单的bean：

public class People {
  private House house;
  private String houseAddr;
}

public class House {
  private String addr;
  private int yearLimit;
}

XML形式：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

	<bean id="houseBean" class="com.winne.core.House">
		<property name="addr" value="Hangzhou" />
		<property name="yearLimit" value="50" />
	</bean>
	<bean id="peopleBean" class="com.winne.core.People">
		<property name="house" value="#{houseBean}" />
		<property name="houseAddr" value="#{houseBean.addr}" />
	</bean>
	
</beans>

结果：

winne的house即houseBean，houseAddr为Hangzhou，houseBean的addr为Hangzhou，yearLimit为50.（我这么说，聪明的你一定看的懂）

注解形式：

@Component("peopleBean")
public class People {
  @Value("#{houseBean}")
  private House house;
  @Value("#{houseBean.addr}")
  private String houseAddr;
  // do something
}

@Component("houseBean")
public class House {
  @Value("Hangzhou") // 直接注入字符串
  private String addr;
  @Value("50") // 直接注入整型
  private int yearLimit;
  // do something
}

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

	<context:component-scan base-package="com.winne.core" />

</beans>

注：如果bean是在XML里注册的，但@Value是定义在Java类里的，那么该@Value就不会执行咯~~

还可以调用方法@Value("#{houseBean.toString()}")，支持大多数标准的数学，逻辑和关系运算符（==,!=,<,>,<=,>=,and,or,!,+,-,*,/,%,^），以及三元操作符（...?A:B），取list（@Value("#{testBean.xxxList[0]}")）或map（@Value("#{testBean.xxxMap['key1']}")），还可以支持正则表达式@Value("#{'100' matches '\\d+'}")

• Spring自动组件扫描

XML配置：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
	
	<bean id="userService" class="com.winne.user.service.UserService">
		<property name="userDAO" ref="userDAO" />
	</bean>
	<bean id="userDAO" class="com.winne.user.dao.UserDAO" />

</beans>

自动组件扫描：

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class UserDAO 
{
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Hello , This is UserDAO";
	}	
}

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.winne.user.dao.UserDAO;

@Component
public class UserService 
{
	@Autowired
	UserDAO userDAO;

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "UserService [userDAO=" + userDAO + "]";
	}
} 

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
	<!-- 在 Spring 中启用自动扫描功能 base-package指明存储组件，Spring将扫描这个文件夹，找出注解了@Component的bean并注册到spring容器 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.winne.user" />

</beans>

在Spring2.5中，有4种类型的组件自动扫描注释类型 @Component – 指示自动扫描组件。 @Repository – 表示在持久层DAO组件。 @Service – 表示在业务层服务组件。 @Controller – 表示在表示层控制器组件。

其实，你都注册成@Component，也是没问题的。但为了便于阅读，还是该声明成哪个就声明成哪个吧。

另，如果你想修改组件的名字，可以这样做，例@Service("XXX")。